{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:16:21Z","timestamp":1787019381700,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Singapore, for Healthcare Manpower Development Award FY2018 and Tan Tock Seng Hospital Scholarship","award":["FY2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FY2018"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["II-LA-0813-20007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["II-LA-0813-20007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Diabetes Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is emerging interest in the application of foot temperature monitoring as means of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) prevention. However, the variability in temperature readings of neuropathic feet remains unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the long-term consistency of foot thermograms of diabetic feet at the risk of DFU.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A post-hoc analysis of thermal images of 15 participants who remained ulcer-free during a 12-month follow-up were unblinded at the end of the trial. Skin foot temperatures of 12 plantar, 15 dorsal, 3 lateral, and 3 medial regions of interests (ROIs) were derived on monthly thermograms. The temperature differences (\u2206Ts) of corresponding ROIs of both feet were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Over the 12-month study period, out of the total 2026 plantar data points, 20.3% ROIs were rated as abnormal (absolute \u2206T \u2265 2.2\u00b0C). There was a significant between-visit variability in the proportion of plantar ROIs with \u2206T \u2265 2.2\u00b0C (range 7.6%-30.8%, chi-square test,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .001). The proportion of patients presenting with hotspots (ROIs with \u2206T \u2265 2.2\u00b0C), abnormal plantar foot temperature (mean \u2206T of 12 plantar ROIs \u2265 2.2\u00b0C), and abnormal whole foot temperature (mean \u2206T of 33 ROIs \u2265 2.2\u00b0C) varied between visits and showed no pattern (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; .05 for all comparisons). This variability was not related to the season of assessment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite the high rate of hotspots on monthly thermograms, all feet remained intact. This study underscores a significant between-visit inconsistency in thermal images of neuropathic feet which should be considered when planning DFU-prevention programs for self-testing and behavior modification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968241249970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T04:38:51Z","timestamp":1714970331000},"page":"1624-1634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Infrared Thermography Shows That a Temperature Difference of 2.2\u00b0C (4\u00b0F) or Greater Between Corresponding Sites of Neuropathic Feet Does Not Always Lead to a Diabetic Foot Ulcer"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Huiling","family":"Liew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetic Foot Clinic, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wegin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetic Foot Clinic, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Plassmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photometrix Imaging, Pontypridd, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Machin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temperature and Humidity Group, National Physical Laboratory, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temperature and Humidity Group, National Physical Laboratory, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Edmonds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetic Foot Clinic, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"},{"name":"Diabetes and Obesity, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine &amp; Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6937-6565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina L.","family":"Petrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetic Foot Clinic, King\u2019s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"},{"name":"Diabetes and Obesity, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine &amp; Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67698-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2021.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734618755582"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1615439"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foot.2022.101909"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","article-title":"Guidelines on the prevention of foot ulcers in persons with diabetes (IWGDF 2023 update)","volume":"40","author":"Bus SA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bus SA, Sacco ICN, Monteiro-Soares M, et al. 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