{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T11:07:26Z","timestamp":1791630446326,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Diabetes Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMs) have been commercially available since 1999. However, automated insulin delivery systems may benefit from real-time inputs in addition to glucose. Continuous multi-analyte sensing platforms will meet this area of potential growth without increasing the burden of additional devices. We aimed to generate pilot data regarding the safety and function of a first-in-human, single-probe glucose\/lactate multi-analyte continuous sensor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The investigational glucose\/lactate continuous multi-analyte sensor (PercuSense Inc, Valencia, California) was inserted to the upper arms of 16 adults with diabetes, and data were available for analysis from 11 of these participants (seven female; mean [SD] = age 43 years [16]; body mass index [BMI] = 27 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      [5]). A commercially available Guardian 3 CGM (Medtronic, Northridge, California) was also inserted into the abdomen for comparison. All participants underwent a meal-test followed by an exercise challenge on day 1 and day 4 of wear. Performance was benchmarked against venous blood YSI glucose and lactate values.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The investigational glucose sensor had an overall mean absolute relative difference (MARD) of 14.5% (median = 11.2%) which improved on day 4 compared with day 1 (13.9% vs 15.2%). The Guardian 3 CGM had an overall MARD of 13.9% (median = 9.4%). The lactate sensor readings within 20\/20% and 40\/40% of YSI values were 59.7% and 83.1%, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our initial data support safety and functionality of a novel glucose\/lactate continuous multi-analyte sensor. Further sensor refinement will improve run-in performance and accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968241266822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T02:35:58Z","timestamp":1722306958000},"page":"87-94","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Accuracy and Feasibility of a Novel Glucose\/Lactate Continuous Multi-Analyte Sensing Platform in Humans"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3151-232X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean C.","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent\u2019s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations, School of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations, School of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bella","family":"Halim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent\u2019s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina","family":"Manos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent\u2019s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varuni","family":"Obeyesekere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent\u2019s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Kannard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PercuSense, Valencia, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajiv","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PercuSense, Valencia, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Wolfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PercuSense, Valencia, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blake","family":"Morrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PercuSense, Valencia, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Pagliuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PercuSense, Valencia, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PercuSense, Valencia, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bella","family":"Nava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PercuSense, Valencia, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3985-2708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa H.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent\u2019s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elif","family":"Ekinci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations, School of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia J.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent\u2019s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations, School of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"MacIsaac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent\u2019s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations, School of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0870-4032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David N.","family":"O\u2019Neal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent\u2019s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations, School of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6940"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60962-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","article-title":"Artificial pancreas treatment for outpatients with type 1 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"361","author":"Bekiari E","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bekiari E, Kitsios K, Thabit H, et al. Artificial pancreas treatment for outpatients with type 1 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2018;361:k1310.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296818822986"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968211008185"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrep.2015.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.4.9701048"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-1447"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","unstructured":"Edgley A Kompa A et al. Dual Analyte Glucose\/Lactate Sensor in Animal Rat Model (Unpublished data). Parkville VIC Australia: Department of Medicine The University of Melbourne; 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2017.0087"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2023.0287"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/152091504774198106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.1c01720"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-021-00685-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","article-title":"Kinetics of continuously measured interstitial versus venous lactate following high intensity exercise in adults with type 1 diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Morrison D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morrison D, Paldus B, Zaharieva D, et al. Kinetics of continuously measured interstitial versus venous lactate following high intensity exercise in adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2020;22(S1):A-100.","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296819855670"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520210062033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(97)89552-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00561"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1025824"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dsi22-0018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc12838"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41591-024-00013-5"}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/19322968241266822","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/19322968241266822","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/19322968241266822","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:17:06Z","timestamp":1777400226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/19322968241266822"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/19322968241266822"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/19322968241266822","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-2968","1932-2968"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-2968","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-2968","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]]}}}