{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:53:34Z","timestamp":1777557214864,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Diabetes Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The glycemia risk index (GRI) is a new composite continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metric for weighted hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. We evaluated the association between the GRI and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and compared the effects of the GRI and conventional CGM metrics on CAN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For this cross-sectional study, three-month CGM data were retrospectively analyzed before autonomic function tests were performed in 165 patients with type 1 diabetes. CAN was defined as at least two abnormal results of parasympathetic tests according to an age-specific reference.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The overall prevalence of CAN was 17.1%. Patients with CAN had significantly higher GRI scores, target above range (TAR), coefficient of variation (CV), and standard deviation (SD) but significantly lower time in range (TIR) than those without CAN. The prevalence of CAN increased across higher GRI zones (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      for trend &lt;.001). A multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusted for covariates such as HbA1c, demonstrated that the odds ratio (OR) of CAN was 9.05 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.21-36.96,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .002) per 1-SD increase in the GRI. TIR and CV were also significantly associated with CAN in the multivariate model. The area under the curve of GRI for the prediction of CAN (0.85, 95% CI: 0.76-0.94) was superior to that of TIR (0.80, 95% CI: 0.71-0.89,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      for comparison = .046) or CV (0.71, 95% CI: 0.57-0.84,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      for comparison = .049).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The GRI is significantly associated with CAN in patients with type 1 diabetes and may be a better CGM metric than TIR for predicting CAN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968241288579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T06:12:46Z","timestamp":1728886366000},"page":"95-102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association of Continuous Glucose Monitoring\u2013Derived Glycemia Risk Index With Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ji Eun","family":"Jun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"You-Bin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5001-963X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Hyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Design &amp; Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences &amp; Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v9.i1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2021-002480"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1294"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v12.i6.855"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-015-0233-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-017-0619-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-018-0683-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab688"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-S006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2021-002573"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-1444"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968221085273"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2023.0264"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2023.0165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0599-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2021.0185"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.8.5.491"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1600"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1618"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5817074"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2020.0599"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.04.078"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-0117"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-1549"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296819826111"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-0445"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_117_23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2022.0401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2021.0236"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2015.12.213"}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/19322968241288579","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/19322968241288579","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/19322968241288579","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:17:15Z","timestamp":1777400235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/19322968241288579"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/19322968241288579"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/19322968241288579","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-2968","1932-2968"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-2968","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-2968","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]}}}