{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T14:35:32Z","timestamp":1793975732423,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"BIONIME Corporation"},{"name":"Roche Diabetes Care GmbH","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04cxe6f38","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"iSENS, Inc."},{"name":"Ascensia Holdings AG"},{"name":"Diabetes Center Berne","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02a9khs93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Diabetes Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The performance of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems is difficult to compare due to different study designs and a lack of head-to-head studies. This study evaluated the performance of FreeStyle Libre 3 (FL3), Dexcom G7 (DG7), and Medtronic Simplera (MSP) against different comparator methods and during clinically relevant glycemic scenarios.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-four adult participants with type 1 diabetes mellitus wore one sensor of each CGM system in parallel for up to 15 days. Sensors of DG7 and MSP were exchanged on days 5 and 8, respectively. Three 7-hour sessions with 15-minute comparator blood glucose\u2013level measurements using YSI 2300 (YSI, venous), Cobas Integra (INT, venous), and Contour Next (CNX, capillary) were conducted on days 2, 5, and 15. Simultaneously, glucose-level excursions with transient hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia were induced according to a recently published testing procedure. The accuracy was evaluated using various metrics, including mean absolute relative differences (MARDs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with YSI data, the MARDs of FL3, DG7, and MSP were 11.6%, 12.0%, and 11.6%, respectively. Relative to the INT data, the corresponding MARDs were 9.5%, 9.9%, and 13.9%, respectively, and compared with CNX data, MARDs were 9.7%, 10.1%, and 16.6%, respectively. Both FL3 and DG7 showed better accuracy in the normoglycemic and hyperglycemic range, while MSP performed better in the hypoglycemic range.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Performance results of all CGM systems varied depending on the comparator method. However, across comparators FL3 and DG7 tended to be more accurate compared with MSP. All CGM systems showed a lower accuracy compared with previous studies, emphasizing the need for comprehensive study design guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968251315459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T06:05:38Z","timestamp":1738649138000},"page":"1131-1140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Performance of Three Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2150-3160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Eichenlaub","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Diabetes-Technologie Forschungs- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH an der Universit\u00e4t Ulm, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3280-2369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delia","family":"Waldenmaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Diabetes-Technologie Forschungs- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH an der Universit\u00e4t Ulm, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4586-4660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Wehrstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Diabetes-Technologie Forschungs- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH an der Universit\u00e4t Ulm, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4629-7754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Pleus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Diabetes-Technologie Forschungs- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH an der Universit\u00e4t Ulm, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Link","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Diabetes-Technologie Forschungs- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH an der Universit\u00e4t Ulm, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Jendrike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Diabetes-Technologie Forschungs- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH an der Universit\u00e4t Ulm, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3361-1313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00fckr\u00fc","family":"\u00d6ter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Diabetes-Technologie Forschungs- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH an der Universit\u00e4t Ulm, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Haug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Diabetes-Technologie Forschungs- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH an der Universit\u00e4t Ulm, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maren","family":"Schinz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Center Berne, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Braunack-Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Center Berne, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regula","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Center Berne, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Center Berne, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0406-9529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guido","family":"Freckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Diabetes-Technologie Forschungs- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH an der Universit\u00e4t Ulm, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","article-title":"7. 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Code of Federal Regulations (Title 21 Volume 8 21CFR862.1355 Integrated Continuous Glucose Monitoring System). https:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/current\/title-21\/chapter-I\/subchapter-H\/part-862\/subpart-B. 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