{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T10:46:16Z","timestamp":1782297976248,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Diabetes Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This descriptive observational study reports on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data, using a novel glucose biosensor (Abbott Libre Sense Glucose Sport Biosensor), during professional game play and during daily life in elite European football players.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighteen healthy male elite football players (age: 27.5 \u00b1 5.1 years; height 180.1 \u00b1 7.2 cm, weight 74.2 \u00b1 9.1 kg, UEFA Champions League club) participated, with a subset examined for a single game for active (n = 10) and reserve (n = 4) players. Group comparisons used unpaired\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests; within-group differences used repeated measures one-way analysis of variance or Friedman test. Descriptive statistics were summarized for 24-hour data for daytime (06:00\n                      <jats:sc>am<\/jats:sc>\n                      -10:59\n                      <jats:sc>pm<\/jats:sc>\n                      ) and nighttime (11:00\n                      <jats:sc>pm<\/jats:sc>\n                      -05:59\n                      <jats:sc>am<\/jats:sc>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Higher mean CGM glucose was observed during-game in active compared with reserve players (159 \u00b1 23 vs 133 \u00b1 25 mg\/dL,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .09), with significantly higher time above range (TAR, 72.8 \u00b1 32.02 vs 29.7 \u00b1 37.9%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .04) and lower time in range (TIR, 26.7 \u00b1 31.9 vs 70.3 \u00b1 37.9%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .04). In the 90 minute pre- to 180 minute post-game period, TAR (57.3 \u00b1 26.6% vs 16.1 \u00b1 20.2%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .02) and mean iG (149 \u00b1 19 vs 123 \u00b1 14 mg\/dL,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .02) remained higher for active players. For all 18 players, TIR was 89.4 \u00b1 11.7 and 91.6 \u00b1 13.7%, TAR was 5.9 \u00b1 6.7 and 2.9 \u00b1 5.7%, and time below range was 4.5 \u00b1 10.5 and 5.3 \u00b1 13.2% for day and night, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This observational study suggests that elite European footballers may have significant increases in glycemia, as measured by CGM, supporting the notion that mild hyperglycemia can occur during and after active competition in healthy and metabolically normal athletes, perhaps because of competition stress.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968251388668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T17:32:26Z","timestamp":1763141546000},"page":"620-626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Continuous Glucose Monitoring Profiles in Elite-Level Professional European Football Players"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0379-5235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Skroce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1315-5573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Zignoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niko","family":"Mihic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Real Madrid CF, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Sports Doctors Network, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3443-2023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Lipman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Supersapiens Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3882-4123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren V.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6556-7559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael C.","family":"Riddell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9766-7554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Howard C.","family":"Zisser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2024.2419867"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01910-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22052030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20156440"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-024-05557-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968241292363"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24030744"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsc.12220"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7075249"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-965158"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","first-page":"63","article-title":"Physical demands of different positions in FA premier league soccer","volume":"6","author":"Bloomfield J","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bloomfield J, Polman R, O\u2019Donoghue P. 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