{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:46:31Z","timestamp":1777556791332,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pacific Diabetes Technologies and Pharmasens."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Diabetes Sci Technol"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combining a patch pump (PP) with a single-insertion glucose-sensing cannula (continuous glucose monitor with an insulin set [CGM-IS]) may reduce user burden compared with tethered insulin pumps or multiple daily injections. We aimed to determine feasibility of a combined device.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This feasibility study evaluated a PP with a CGM-IS (PP-CGM-IS) with manual bolus insulin dosing in T1D adults with insulin pump and CGM experience. The pilot phase involved 3 participants undergoing a mixed meal test (MMT) for 12 hours. In the second phase, 15 participants were studied for 72 hours, including day 1 and day 3 MMTs and one supervised free-living day at a hotel. Primary outcome was accuracy of the CGM device, assessed by mean absolute relative difference (MARD). Secondary outcomes included number of insulin delivery failures and device survival duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-six devices were inserted in 18 participants. Mean age was 51 years, 14 were female. Nine device (sensor) failures occurred immediately post-insertion requiring re-insertion. Mean absolute relative difference against Yellow Springs Instruments (YSI) in 17 devices was 11.6%. Consensus error grid analysis against YSI analyser showed 83.16% of readings fell within zone A and 100% within zones A and B. Mean glucose, time in range, and total daily insulin dose on day 2 of the main phase compared with baseline did not suggest compromise of insulin delivery. There were no serious adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This first-in-human study confirms feasibility of integrating CGM-IS with PP. A PP-CGM-IS system warrants further research, including improved insertion process, greater sensor accuracy and ultimately real-time algorithm implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968261436412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T23:05:01Z","timestamp":1775775901000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["First in Human Feasibility Study of an Insulin Patch Pump Combined With CGM-Insulin Delivery Cannula"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1263-3344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, St Vincent\u2019s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, St Vincent\u2019s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Flint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Netzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Dutt-Ballerstadt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Diabetes Technologies, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Eckenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Diabetes Technologies, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Varuni","family":"Obeyesekere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrin Ellen","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catriona","family":"Sims","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Solomon","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Diabetes Technologies, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huan-Ping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Diabetes Technologies, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Seidl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Diabetes Technologies, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Both","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmasens AG, Biel\/Bienne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Auderset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmasens AG, Biel\/Bienne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Eymann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmasens AG, Biel\/Bienne, 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