{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T07:40:09Z","timestamp":1776843609173,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"DOI":"10.1177\/1933719107301336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,19]],"date-time":"2007-05-19T20:49:16Z","timestamp":1179607756000},"page":"253-259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Amniotic Fluid Interleukin-1\u03b2 and Interleukin-8 Concentrations: Racial Disparity in Preterm Birth"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ramkumar","family":"Menon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott M.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Fortunato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"1403253_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022537516969","volume":"7","author":"MC Lu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lu MC, Halfon N. Racial and ethnic disparities in birth outcomes: a life-course perspective. Matern Child Health J. 2003; 7:13\u201330.","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"1403253_CR2","first-page":"213","volume":"92","author":"HW Foster","year":"2000","unstructured":"Foster HW, Wu L, Bracken MB, et al. Intergenerational effects of high socioeconomic status on low birthweight and preterm birth in African Americans. J Nat Med Assoc. 2000;92:213\u2013221.","journal-title":"J Nat Med Assoc"},{"key":"1403253_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022537516969","volume":"7","author":"MC Lu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lu MC, Halfon N. Racial and ethnic disparities in birth outcomes: a life-course perspective. Matern Child Health J. 2003; 7:13\u201330.","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"1403253_CR4","first-page":"1516","volume":"97","author":"K Fiscella","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fiscella K. Race, genes and preterm delivery. J Natl Med Assoc. 2005;97:1516\u20131526.","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"1403253_CR5","first-page":"104","volume":"111","author":"K Fiscella","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fiscella K. Racial disparities in preterm births: the role of urogenital infections. Public Health Rep. 1996;111:104\u2013113.","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"1403253_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.03.053","volume":"190","author":"SJ Fortunato","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fortunato SJ, Lombardi, SJ, Menon R. Racial disparity in membrane response to infectious stimuli: a possible explanation for observed differences in the incidence of prematurity. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190:1557\u20131563.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1403253_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2006.00394.x","volume":"56","author":"R Menon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Menon R, Merialdi M, Lombardi SJ, Fortunato SJ. Racial differences in the placental membrane cytokine response: a possible explanation for the ethnic disparity in prematurity. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2006;56:112\u2013118.","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"1403253_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(18)30286-0","volume":"22","author":"R Gomez","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gomez R, Ghezzi F, Romero R, Munoz H, Tolosa JE, Rojas I. Premature labor and intra-amniotic infection: clinical aspects and role of the cytokines in diagnosis and pathophysiology. Clin Perinatol. 1995;22:281\u2013342.","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"1403253_CR9","first-page":"553","volume":"7","author":"MD Mitchell","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mitchell MD, Trautman MS, Dudley DJ. Immunoendocrinology of preterm labour and delivery. Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 1993;7:553\u2013575.","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"1403253_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1992.tb00737.x","volume":"27","author":"R Romero","year":"1992","unstructured":"Romero R, Mazor M, Brandt F, et al. Interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 beta in preterm and term human parturition. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1992;27:117\u2013123.","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"1403253_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-3278(90)90128-8","volume":"41","author":"MD Mitchell","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mitchell MD, Edwin S, Romero RJ. Prostaglandin biosynthesis by human decidual cells: effects of inflammatory mediators. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1990;41:35\u201338.","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"key":"1403253_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(91)90450-6","volume":"165","author":"R Romero","year":"1991","unstructured":"Romero R, Mazor M, Tartakovsky B. Systemic administration of interleukin-1 induces preterm parturition in mice. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991;165:969\u2013971.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1403253_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(12)80035-4","volume":"167","author":"R Romero","year":"1992","unstructured":"Romero R, Tartakovsky B. The natural interleukin-1 receptor antagonist prevents interleukin-1-induced preterm delivery in mice. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992;167:1041\u20131045.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1403253_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(91)90422-N","volume":"165","author":"R Romero","year":"1991","unstructured":"Romero R, Ceska M, Avila C, Mazor M, Behnke E, Lindley I. Neutrophil attractant\/activating peptide-1\/interleukin-8 in term and preterm parturition. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991;165: 813\u2013820.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1403253_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90297-V","volume":"169","author":"PH Cherouny","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cherouny PH, Pankuch GA, Romero R, et al. Neutrophil attractant\/activating peptide-1\/interleukin-8: association with histologic chorioamnionitis, preterm delivery, and bioactive amniotic fluid leukoattractants. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;169: 1299\u20131303.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1403253_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1515\/jpme.1997.25.6.461","volume":"25","author":"G Rizzo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rizzo G, Capponi A, Vlachopoulou A, Angelini E, Grassi C, Romanini C. The diagnostic value of interleukin-8 and fetal fibronectin concentrations in cervical secretions in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. J Perinat Med. 1997; 25:461\u2013468.","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"1403253_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00536.x","volume":"112","author":"B Jacobsson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jacobsson B, Mattsby-Baltzer I, Hagberg H. Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in cervical and amniotic fluid: relationship to microbial invasion of the chorioamniotic membranes. BJOG. 2005;112:719\u2013724.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"1403253_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1078311","volume":"298","author":"NA Rosenberg","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rosenberg NA, Pritchard JK, Weber JL, et al. Genetic structure of human populations. Science. 2002;298:2381\u20132385.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1403253_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)32231-1","volume":"147","author":"P Duff","year":"1983","unstructured":"Duff P, Sanders R, Gibbs RS. The course of labor in term patients with chorioamnionitis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1983; 147:391\u2013395.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1403253_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199312000-00004","volume":"36","author":"ER Newton","year":"1993","unstructured":"Newton ER. Chorioamnionitis and intraamniotic infection. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1993;36:795\u2013808.","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1403253_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-831884","volume":"21","author":"C Gardella","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gardella C, Riley DE, Hitti J, Agnew K, Krieger JN, Eschenbach D. Identification and sequencing of bacterial rDNAs in culture-negative amniotic fluid from women in premature labor. Am J Perinatol. 2004;21:319\u2013323.","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"1403253_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1086\/513669","volume":"24","author":"J Hitti","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hitti J, Riley DE, Krohn MA, et al. Broad-spectrum bacterial rDNA polymerase chain reaction assay for detecting amniotic fluid infection among women in preterm labor. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;24:1228\u20131232.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1403253_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.29.2.297-301.1991","volume":"29","author":"RP Nugent","year":"1991","unstructured":"Nugent RP, Krohn MA, Hillier SL. Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardized method of gram stain interpretation. J Clin Microbiol. 1991;29:297\u2013301.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1403253_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.03.014","volume":"190","author":"LL Klein","year":"2004","unstructured":"Klein LL, Gibbs RS. Use of microbial cultures and antibiotics in the prevention of infection-associated preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190:1493\u20131502.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1403253_CR25","first-page":"1647","volume":"76","author":"ML Casey","year":"1993","unstructured":"Casey ML, Brown CE, Peters M, Macdonald PC. Endothelin levels in human amniotic fluid at mid-trimester and at term before and during spontaneous labor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993;76:1647\u20131650.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1403253_CR26","first-page":"1332","volume":"76","author":"PC Macdonald","year":"1993","unstructured":"Macdonald PC, Casey ML. The accumulation of prostaglandins (PG) in amniotic fluid is an aftereffect of labor and not indicative of a role for PGE2 or PGF2 alpha in the initiation of human parturition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993; 76:1332\u20131339.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1403253_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-3278(94)90154-6","volume":"50","author":"R Romero","year":"1994","unstructured":"Romero R, Gonzalez R, Baumann P, et al. Topographic differences in amniotic fluid concentrations of prostanoids in women in spontaneous labor at term. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1994;50:97\u2013104.","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"key":"1403253_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1067\/S0002-9378(03)00518-0","volume":"189","author":"HN Simhan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Simhan HN, Caritis SN, Krohn MA, Martinez de Tejada B, Landers DV, Hillier SL. Decreased cervical proinflammatory cytokines permit subsequent upper genital tract infection during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;189:560\u2013567.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1403253_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Genc MR, Vardhana S, Delaney ML, Witkin SS, Onderdonk AB, The MAP Study Group. TNFA-308G>A polymorphism influences the TNF-alpha response to altered vaginal flora. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. Epub ahead of print, November 21, 2006.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2006.10.018"},{"key":"1403253_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.05.074","volume":"191","author":"MR Genc","year":"2004","unstructured":"Genc MR, Onderdonk AB, Vardhana S, et al, Map Study. Group. Polymorphism in intron 2 of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene, local midtrimester cytokine response to vaginal flora, and subsequent preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;191:1324\u20131330.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1403253_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.01.001","volume":"190","author":"GA Macones","year":"2004","unstructured":"Macones GA, Parry S, Elkousy M, Clothier B, Ural SH, Strauss JF III. A polymorphism in the promoter region of TNF and bacterial vaginosis: preliminary evidence of gene-environment interaction in the etiology of spontaneous preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190:1504\u20131508.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1403253_CR32","unstructured":"Velez DR, Menon R, Thorsen P, Jiang L, Simhan H, Morgan N, Fortunato SJ, Williams SM. Allelic and genotypic frequency variations in the IL-6 and IL-6R genes documents ethnic disparity in preterm birth. Ann Hum Genet. 2007 Mar 7; [Epub ahead of print]."}],"container-title":["Reproductive Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1177\/1933719107301336.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1177\/1933719107301336\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1933719107301336","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1177\/1933719107301336.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,3]],"date-time":"2022-07-03T01:05:09Z","timestamp":1656810309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1177\/1933719107301336"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1403253"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1933719107301336","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-7191","1933-7205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-7191","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-7205","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 December 2007","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}