{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:00:30Z","timestamp":1790089230650,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]],"date-time":"2009-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]],"date-time":"2009-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"DOI":"10.1177\/1933719109336618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]],"date-time":"2009-05-13T03:14:57Z","timestamp":1242184497000},"page":"788-793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Raised Maternal Serum Cystatin C: An Early Pregnancy Marker for Preeclampsia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Basky","family":"Thilaganathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Ralph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aris T.","family":"Papageorghiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Melchiorre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Sheldon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"16080788_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1986.tb07830.x","volume":"93","author":"TY Khong","year":"1986","unstructured":"Khong TY, De Wolf F, Robertson WB, Brosens I. Inadequate maternal vascular response to placentation in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia and by small-for-gestational age infants. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1986;93(10):1049\u20131059.","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"7","key":"16080788_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1991.tb13450.x","volume":"98","author":"R Pijnenborg","year":"1991","unstructured":"Pijnenborg R, Anthony J, Davey DA, et al. Placental bed spiral arteries in the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1991;98(7):648\u2013655.","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"8","key":"16080788_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13182.x","volume":"101","author":"JW Meekins","year":"1994","unstructured":"Meekins JW, Pijnenborg R, Hanssens M, McFadyen IR, van Asshe A. A study of placental bed spiral arteries and trophoblast invasion in normal and severe pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1994;101(8):669\u2013674.","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"16080788_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.127305","volume":"187","author":"JJ Brosens","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brosens JJ, Pijnenborg R, Brosens IA. The myometrial junc-tional zone spiral arteries in normal and abnormal pregnancies: a review of the literature. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;187(5):1416\u20131423.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"16080788_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4004(81)80027-6","volume":"2","author":"R Pijnenborg","year":"1981","unstructured":"Pijnenborg R, Bland JM, Robertson WB, Dixon G, Brosens I. The pattern of interstitial trophoblastic invasion of the myometrium in early human pregnancy. Placenta. 1981;2(4):303\u2013316.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"5728","key":"16080788_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1111726","volume":"308","author":"CW Redman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Redman CW, Sargent IL. Latest advances in understanding pre-eclampsia. Science. 2005;308(5728):1592\u20131594.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"16080788_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-005-0032-2","volume":"84","author":"A Varanou","year":"2006","unstructured":"Varanou A, Withington SL, Lakasing L, Williamson C, Burton GJ, Hemberger M. The importance of cysteine cathe-psin proteases for placental development. J Mol Med. 2006;84(4):305\u2013317.","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"16080788_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3415","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.124.17.3415","volume":"124","author":"S Afonso","year":"1997","unstructured":"Afonso S, Romagnano L, Babiarz B. The expression and function of cystatin C and cathepsin B and cathepsin L during mouse embryo implantation and placentation. Development. 1997;124(17):3415\u20133425.","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"8","key":"16080788_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340701318133","volume":"86","author":"K Kristensen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kristensen K, Wide-Swensson D, Schmidt C, et al. Cystatin C, beta-2-microglobulin and beta-trace protein in pre-eclampsia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2007;86(8):921\u2013926.","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"16080788_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"IX","DOI":"10.3109\/10641950109152635","volume":"20","author":"MA Brown","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brown MA, Lindheimer MD, de Swiet M, Van Assche A, Moutquin JM. The classification and diagnosis of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: statement from the International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy (ISSHP). Hypertens Pregnancy. 2001;20(1):IX\u2013XIV.","journal-title":"Hypertens Pregnancy"},{"issue":"1","key":"16080788_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1530\/ror.0.0040011","volume":"4","author":"LA Salamonsen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Salamonsen LA. Role of proteases in implantation. Rev Reprod. 1999;4(1):11\u201322.","journal-title":"Rev Reprod"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"16080788_CR12","first-page":"1113","volume":"383","author":"RW Mason","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mason RW, Stabley DL, Picerno GN, et al. Evolution of placental proteases. Biol Chem. 2002;383(7\u20138):1113\u20131118.","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"16080788_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.50.515","volume":"50","author":"M Ishida","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ishida M, Ono K, Taguchi S, et al. Cathepsin gene expression in mouse placenta during the latter half of pregnancy. J Reprod Dev. 2004;50(5):515\u2013523.","journal-title":"J Reprod Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"16080788_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.2001.0748","volume":"23","author":"CP Divya","year":"2002","unstructured":"Divya CP, Mahajan VS, Datta Gupta S, Chauhan SS. Differential activity of cathepsin L in human placenta at two different stages of gestation. Placenta. 2002;23(1):59\u201364.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"5","key":"16080788_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gah172","volume":"11","author":"T Nakanishi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nakanishi T, Ozaki Y, Blomgren K, Tateyama H, Sugiura-Ogasawara M, Suzumori K. Role of cathepsins and cystatins in patients with recurrent miscarriage. Mol Hum Reprod. 2005;11(5):351\u2013355.","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"1","key":"16080788_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410050987","volume":"291","author":"B Huppertz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Huppertz B, Kertschanska S, Demir AY, Frank HG, Kaufmann P. Immunohistochemistry of matrix metalloprotei-nases (MMP), their substrates, and their inhibitors (TIMP) during trophoblast invasion in the human placenta. Cell Tissue Res. 1998;291(1):133\u2013148.","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"issue":"10\u201311","key":"16080788_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1139\/o92-135","volume":"70","author":"CH Graham","year":"1992","unstructured":"Graham CH, Lala PK. Mechanisms of placental invasion of the uterus and their control. Biochem Cell Biol. 1992;70(10\u201311):867\u2013874.","journal-title":"Biochem Cell Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"16080788_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod62.4.1075","volume":"62","author":"S Khan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Khan S, Katabuchi H, Araki M, Nishimura R, Okamura H. Human villous macrophage-conditioned media enhance human trophoblast growth and differentiation in vitro. Biol Reprod. 2000;62(4):1075\u20131083.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"6","key":"16080788_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2003.11.011","volume":"25","author":"R Demir","year":"2004","unstructured":"Demir R, Kayisli UA, Seval Y, et al. Sequential expression of VEGF and its receptors in human placental villi during very early pregnancy: differences between placental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Placenta. 2004;25(6):560\u2013572.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"4","key":"16080788_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4004(97)80060-4","volume":"18","author":"L Myatt","year":"1997","unstructured":"Myatt L, Eis AL, Brockman DE, Kossenjans W, Greer I, Lyall F. Inducible (type II) nitric oxide synthase in human placental villous tissue of normotensive, preeclamptic and intrauterine growth-restricted pregnancies. Placenta. 1997;18(4):261\u2013268.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"8","key":"16080788_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3488","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e04-11-1029","volume":"16","author":"E Im","year":"2005","unstructured":"Im E, Venkatakrishnan A, Kazlauskas A. Cathepsin B. regulates the intrinsic angiogenic threshold of endothelial cells. Mol Biol Cell. 2005;16(8):3488\u20133500.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"issue":"8","key":"16080788_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4004(96)80072-5","volume":"17","author":"IM Vettraino","year":"1996","unstructured":"Vettraino IM, Roby J, Tolley T, Parks WC. Collagenase-I, stromelysin-I, and matrilysin are expressed within the placenta during multiple stages of human pregnancy. Placenta. 1996;17(8):557\u2013563.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"3","key":"16080788_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1006\/mvre.1998.2142","volume":"57","author":"ED Gallery","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gallery ED, Campbell S, Arkell J, Nguyen M, Jackson CJ. Pre-eclamptic decidual microvascular endothelial cells express lower levels of matrix metalloproteinase\u20131 than normals. Microvasc Res. 1999;57(3):340\u2013346.","journal-title":"Microvasc Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"16080788_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/09674845.2003.11783682","volume":"60","author":"ZJ Pang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pang ZJ, Xing FQ. Expression profile of trophoblast invasion-associated genes in the pre-eclamptic placenta. Br J Biomed Sci. 2003;60(2):97\u2013101.","journal-title":"Br J Biomed Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"16080788_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00223.x","volume":"111","author":"SJ Merchant","year":"2004","unstructured":"Merchant SJ, Davidge ST. The role of matrix metalloprotei-nases in vascular function: implications for normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. Br J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;111(9):931\u2013939.","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"16080788_CR26","first-page":"61","volume":"72","author":"M al-Hameri","year":"2001","unstructured":"al-Hameri M, Roszkowska-Jakimiec W, Gacko M, Chlabicz M. Activity of cathepsin B and cystatins in the placenta during EPH-gestosis. Ginekol Pol. 2001;72(2):61\u201366.","journal-title":"Ginekol Pol"},{"issue":"2","key":"16080788_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1081\/PRG-200059836","volume":"24","author":"JE Myers","year":"2005","unstructured":"Myers JE, Merchant SJ, Macleod M, Mires GJ, Baker PN, Davidge ST. MMP\u20132 levels are elevated in the plasma of women who subsequently develop pre\u2014eclampsia. Hypertens Preg. 2005;24(2):103\u2013115.","journal-title":"Hypertens Preg"},{"issue":"9","key":"16080788_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119388","volume":"99","author":"Y Zhou","year":"1997","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Damsky CH, Fisher SJ. Pre-eclampsia is associated with failure of human cytotrophoblasts to mimic a vascular adhesion phenotype. One cause of defective endovascular invasion in this syndrome? J Clin Invest. 1997;99(9):2152\u20132164.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"16080788_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1067\/S0002-9378(03)00576-3","volume":"189","author":"JS Moldenhauer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Moldenhauer JS, Stanek J, Warshak C, Khoury J, Sibai B. The frequency and severity of placental findings in women with pre-eclampsia are gestational age dependent. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;189(4):1173\u20131177.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"16080788_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00882.x","volume":"113","author":"M Egbor","year":"2006","unstructured":"Egbor M, Ansari T, Morris N, Green CJ, Sibbons PD. Mor-phometric placental villous and vascular abnormalities in early and late-onset preeclampsia with and without fetal growth restriction. BJOG. 2006;113(5):580\u2013589.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"3","key":"16080788_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gal111","volume":"13","author":"K Kristensen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kristensen K, Larsson L, Hansson SR. Increased cystatin C expression in the pre-eclamptic placenta. Mol Human Repro. 2007;13(3):189\u2013195.","journal-title":"Mol Human Repro"},{"issue":"6","key":"16080788_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-993874","volume":"16","author":"L Cataldi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cataldi L, Mussap M, Bertelli L, Ruzzante N, Fanos V, Plebani M. Cystatin C in healthy women at term pregnancy and in their infant newborns: relationship between maternal and neonatal serum levels and reference values. Am J Perinatol. 1999;16(6):287\u2013295.","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"16080788_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.82.1.71","volume":"82","author":"H Finney","year":"2000","unstructured":"Finney H, Newman DJ, Thakkar H, Fell JM, Price CP. Reference ranges for plasma cystatin C and creatinine measurements in premature infants, neonates, and older children. Arch Dis Child. 2000;82(1):71\u201375.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"}],"container-title":["Reproductive Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1177\/1933719109336618.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1177\/1933719109336618\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1933719109336618","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1177\/1933719109336618.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,3]],"date-time":"2022-07-03T01:11:35Z","timestamp":1656810695000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1177\/1933719109336618"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]}},"alternative-id":["16080788"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1933719109336618","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-7191","1933-7205"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-7191","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-7205","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 December 2009","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}