{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:36:30Z","timestamp":1777876590449,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This investigation aimed to determine the utility of postnatal, ultrasonographically-derived dimensions of the thymus and spleen as imaging indicators for the prediction of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this case-control study, 30 term neonates diagnosed with Early-Onset Sepsis (EOS), based on European Medicines Agency (EMA) criteria, were compared to 30 healthy, matched control neonates. All participants underwent ultrasonography to quantify thymic and splenic dimensions. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed to determine the optimal diagnostic cut-off value for thymic volume. Statistical significance was set at\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Baseline demographics were comparable between patient and control groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05). A profound and statistically significant reduction in thymic volume (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) was identified in the patient group compared to healthy controls, demonstrating a significant correlation with EOS, whereas spleen dimensions did not show a similar association. ROC analysis confirmed the high diagnostic accuracy of thymic volume (Area under the Curve [AUC]: 0.896; 95% CI: 0.813\u20130.978;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). An optimal diagnostic threshold of \u22649\u00a0mL was established, yielding a sensitivity of 90.0% and a specificity of 83.3%. The corresponding Diagnostic Odds Ratio was 45.0, signifying a 45-fold increased odds of sepsis in neonates with a thymic volume below this value.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thymic volume is significantly reduced in neonates with Early-Onset Sepsis (EOS), making it a powerful, non-invasive diagnostic indicator. Serial ultrasonographic assessment of thymic volume holds promise for improving the diagnostic and prognostic management of neonatal sepsis. Spleen dimensions, however, showed limited utility as an early predictive indicator.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19345798251378077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T18:40:53Z","timestamp":1757529653000},"page":"78-87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The utility of thymus and spleen ultrasound in the early prediction of neonatal sepsis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4950-6317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara City Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7733-9067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Filiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Health Sciences, Antalya Education and Research Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5001-9066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130.","family":"\u00c7etiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Health Sciences, Antalya Education and Research Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3819-136X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.","family":"Ya\u011fc\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Health Sciences, Antalya Education and Research Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2931-9309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"G\u00fcrses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Health Sciences, Antalya Education and Research Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7656-1152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Yapar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Muratpa\u015fa District Health Directorate"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2015.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02494.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Systemic pathology","author":"Henry K","year":"1992","unstructured":"Henry K. The thymus gland. In: Symmers WC (ed). Systemic pathology. 3rd ed.: Churchill Livingstone, 1992, pp. 27\u2013139.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.001"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","first-page":"497","article-title":"Involution patterns of the human thymus. I. Size of the cortical area as a function of age","volume":"47","author":"Tosi P","year":"1982","unstructured":"Tosi P, Kraft R, Luzi P, et al. Involution patterns of the human thymus. I. Size of the cortical area as a function of age. Clin Exp Immunol 1982; 47(3): 497\u2013504.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","first-page":"2125","article-title":"The thymus in infections and in the aging process","volume":"63","author":"Savino W","year":"2006","unstructured":"Savino W. The thymus in infections and in the aging process. Cell Mol Life Sci 2006; 63(18): 2125\u20132144.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","volume-title":"Basic immunology: functions and disorders of the immune system","author":"Abbas AK","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S. Basic immunology: functions and disorders of the immune system. Elsevier, 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/RV6E9BMC9954A2WU"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","first-page":"1481","article-title":"Sepsis-induced immunosuppression: from cellular mechanisms to novel therapies","volume":"56","author":"Hotchkiss RS","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hotchkiss RS, Coopersmith CM, Kenyon KV, et al. Sepsis-induced immunosuppression: from cellular mechanisms to novel therapies. 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