{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:22:58Z","timestamp":1777944178050,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institutional Development Award (IDEA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health","award":["U54-GM104941"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54-GM104941"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intrauterine lung development is a complex process. Little is known regarding developmental breathing patterns of infants from delivery to discharge. In this study, we analyze developmental changes in work of breathing indices and oxygen saturation between healthy preterm and term infants at discharge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective, observational study of healthy term infants at a single center nursery. Respiratory Inductive Plethysmography and pulse oximetry were studied in the supine position, between 12 and 48\u00a0h of birth. Comparative analysis was performed with data from our study of premature infants without BPD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study included 63 infants (32 premature and 31 full term). Work of breathing was increased in term infants compared to preterm infants at discharge (Mean phase-angle, \u03a6 \u00b1 SEM; Term: 73 \u00b1 5\u00b0 vs Preterm: 49 \u00b1 7\u00b0;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.017). Term infants had lower mean oxygen saturation (Term: 95 \u00b1 0.42% vs Preterm: 97 \u00b1 0.32%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), respiratory rate (Term: 56 \u00b1 2.99\u00a0br\/min vs Preterm: 67 \u00b1 2.55\u00a0br\/min;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.008), and heart rate (Term: 130 \u00b1 2.4\u00a0bpm vs Preterm: 158 \u00b1 1.8\u00a0bpm;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001) compared to preterm infants at discharge.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preterm infants at discharge demonstrated more efficient thoracoabdominal synchrony and higher oxygen saturation than term infants. These findings suggest that preterm infants develop adaptive respiratory strategies in response to early and prolonged extrauterine respiratory demands, which confer physiological advantages despite structural immaturity. The data could influence post-discharge monitoring of preterm infants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19345798251384932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T08:04:09Z","timestamp":1759737849000},"page":"295-301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A prospective observational study comparing the developmental changes in work of breathing indices and oxygen saturation of term and preterm infants at birth. Do premature infants compensate?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7438-2096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanishk","family":"Jha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Christiana Care"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1757-8506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas H.","family":"Shaffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thomas Jefferson University"},{"name":"Temple University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6263-8013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"Mackley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christiana Care"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1666-5273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannon","family":"Traczykiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christiana Care"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4460-7790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tariq","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nemours Children\u2019s Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keshab","family":"Subedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christiana Care"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7507-1493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelley","family":"Kovatis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christiana Care"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950191140"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.62.1.825"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.1.2107093"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-021-01529-z"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","first-page":"0110101","article-title":"pneuRIP(TM): a novel respiratory inductance plethysmography monitor","volume":"11","author":"Rahman T","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rahman T, Page R, Page C, et al. pneuRIP(TM): a novel respiratory inductance plethysmography monitor. J Med Dev Trans ASME 2017; 11(1): 0110101\u20130110106.","journal-title":"J Med Dev Trans ASME"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24134"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NPM-230222"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2009.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/neo.5-5-e186"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00123.2022"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950110107"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","first-page":"909","article-title":"Developmental pattern of muscle fiber types in human ventilatory muscles","volume":"44","author":"Keens T","year":"1978","unstructured":"Keens T, Bryan A, Levison H, et al. Developmental pattern of muscle fiber types in human ventilatory muscles. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1978; 44(6): 909\u2013913.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","first-page":"905","article-title":"Cellular adaptations of the ventilatory muscles to a chronic increased respiratory load","volume":"44","author":"Keens T","year":"1978","unstructured":"Keens T, Cole V, Patel P, et al. Cellular adaptations of the ventilatory muscles to a chronic increased respiratory load. 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