{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:37:25Z","timestamp":1777876645961,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32560887"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32560887"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82203206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82203206"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82360504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82360504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Conventional drug screening models face a series of challenges in guiding individualized cancer treatment, including time-consuming processes, limited drug coverage, and insufficient accuracy in efficacy evaluation. This study aims to establish a convenient, rapid, and reliable drug screening protocol for evaluating individualized efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. We established an\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    mini-tumor culture platform by culturing tumor fragments in an air\u2013liquid interface system, which was capable of sustaining tumor growth for at least 2 weeks and maintaining immune cell infiltration for over 1 week. Using this mini-tumor culture platform, we can evaluate the individualized therapeutic responses of different tumors to chemotherapy and immunotherapy, including gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, \u03b1PD-1 and \u03b1PD-L1. Furthermore, using this drug evaluation platform, we revealed distinct therapeutic responses to immunotherapy between immune-cold tumors and immune-hot tumors, and demonstrated the important role of the immunologic adjuvant resiquimod (R848) in enhancing immunotherapy efficacy. This mini-tumor culture protocol provides a feasible implementation approach for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    personalized drug testing.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/19373384261431824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T18:53:15Z","timestamp":1773255195000},"page":"90-98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An\n                    <i>Ex Vivo<\/i>\n                    Mini-Tumor Culture Protocol for Evaluating Individualized Efficacy of Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Yuanfeng","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Life and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuxia","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhilong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenglong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Life and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongmeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Life and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinlong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Life and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuejun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaolin","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Life and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0057-4488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren-Bo","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Life and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1730-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23379-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1662455"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/1651-226x.2025.42128"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2025.108422"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mog2.8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-017-1328-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01419-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201606857"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-024-00706-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2016.63743"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2013.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201610056"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42242-021-00150-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-020-0379-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202406790"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2013.1466"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29133073"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"24.Wu T Dai Y. Tumor microenvironment and therapeutic response. Cancer Lett 2017. 387:61\u201368; doi: 10.1016\/j.canlet.2016.01.043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2016.01.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-025-02641-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines4030028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01979-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.58390"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.Cir-22-0304"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-024-01844-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202401269"}],"container-title":["Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/19373384261431824","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/19373384261431824","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/19373384261431824","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:28:44Z","timestamp":1777588124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/19373384261431824"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/19373384261431824"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/19373384261431824","relation":{},"ISSN":["1937-3384","1937-3392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1937-3384","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-3392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]}}}