{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:15:28Z","timestamp":1777666528807,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]],"date-time":"2016-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468195200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HERD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This article aims to understand the incident patterns in relation to different types of spaces within a psychiatric unit, which are discussed using the five levels of safety framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Implementing measures to improve patient safety is essential particularly in a psychiatric hospital, where limited research has been conducted on inpatient safety. Therefore, this article aims to understand the incident patterns from the lens of the five levels of safety framework, which categorizes spaces according to the level of patient supervision in psychiatric facilities, as follows: service areas, corridors, dayrooms, patient rooms and bathrooms, seclusions and admissions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In an 81-bed psychiatric hospital, this mixed-method study drew 7 years of incident reports and caregivers\u2019 perceptions gathered through focus groups. Incident reports on physical safety were analyzed based on the five levels of safety framework ( N = 1,316). Focus groups ( n = 9) explored the caregivers\u2019 viewpoints on patient safety and five categories of spaces.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall findings support the five levels of safety pattern, confirming that most incidents occurred in patient rooms and bathrooms; moreover, relatively fewer incidents happened in dayrooms and corridors. Elopements are higher in hallways and dayrooms. Suicide is most common in patient rooms and bathrooms, and violence is more frequent in dayrooms. Focus groups results yielded insightful recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Levels of safety framework can be adapted to seven categories where seclusion room and admission area would be two of the spaces with least incidents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1937586716656002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,14]],"date-time":"2016-07-14T00:59:24Z","timestamp":1468457964000},"page":"66-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["An Assessment of Levels of Safety in Psychiatric Units"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Bayramzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1937586716656002","unstructured":"Beronio K., Po R., Skopec L., Glied S. (2013). Affordable Care Act expands mental health and substance use disorder benefits and federal parity protections for 62 million Americans. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation. Retrieved from https:\/\/aspe.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/pdf\/76591\/rb_mental.pdf"},{"key":"bibr2-1937586716656002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2011.05.008"},{"key":"bibr3-1937586716656002","volume-title":"Patient safety in mental health","author":"Brickell T.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr4-1937586716656002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0105"},{"key":"bibr5-1937586716656002","unstructured":"Carr R. (2011). Psychiatric facility. National Institute of Building Sciences Whole Building Design Guide. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.wbdg.org\/design\/psychiatric.php"},{"key":"bibr6-1937586716656002","unstructured":"Center for Health Design. (2015). Safety Risk Assessment for healthcare facility environments. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.healthdesign.org\/insights-solutions\/safety-risk-assessment-toolkit-pdf-version"},{"key":"bibr7-1937586716656002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-9417(99)80037-5"},{"key":"bibr9-1937586716656002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7193.1225"},{"key":"bibr10-1937586716656002","first-page":"17","volume":"47","author":"Howland R.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services"},{"key":"bibr11-1937586716656002","unstructured":"Hunt J. M., Sine D. M. (2009). Common mistakes in designing psychiatric hospitals. AIA Academy Journal. 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Retrieved January 1, 2015, from http:\/\/www.jointcommission.org\/standards_information\/npsgs.aspx"},{"key":"bibr16-1937586716656002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7028.36.4.415"},{"key":"bibr17-1937586716656002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-9417(95)80026-3"},{"key":"bibr18-1937586716656002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2013.03.021"},{"key":"bibr19-1937586716656002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2010.03553.x"},{"key":"bibr20-1937586716656002","unstructured":"National Institute of Mental Health. (2013). Statistics: Any disorder among adults. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/statistics\/1ANYDIS_ADULT.shtml"},{"key":"bibr21-1937586716656002","unstructured":"New York Times\n                      . (2013, 11 8). Equal coverage for the mentally ill. 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