{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:19:09Z","timestamp":1777666749717,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599696000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Social Science Fund of China","award":["13BG062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13BG062"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HERD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify the environmental factors essential for infection control in senior-living facilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults are more likely to be infected and develop serious outcomes than young people. Worldwide, senior-living facilities face a battle to protect their residents. Compared with age-related declines, the built environment is more modifiable and can be used for infection control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research conducted content analysis of the guidelines on COVID-19 control issued by the State Council of China in February 2020 for senior-living facilities. Six senior-living facility managers in China were interviewed and shared their experiences using these guidelines. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted to identify the essential environmental factors for infection control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Environmental factors suggested in the guidelines were analyzed for three groups of infection-control strategies: keep COVID-19 from entering the facility, prevent COVID-19 spread in the facility, and manage infection and illness. Key topics of experience using the guidelines were identified, including residents\u2019 needs for social interaction and the difficulties of providing dedicated air-conditioning and circulation systems. Based on these analyses, from the perspective of environmental design, environmental factors essential for COVID-19 control in senior-living facilities were summarized at the site, building, and room levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Proper planning and design of the built environment promote strategies for infection control in senior-living facilities. Findings can be used to guide the new design, renovation, and modification of senior-living facilities for COVID-19 control and future public health emergencies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1937586720953519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T10:37:47Z","timestamp":1599734267000},"page":"130-140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Use the Environment to Prevent and Control COVID-19 in Senior-Living Facilities: An Analysis of the Guidelines Used in China"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9544-0823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Architecture, Henan University, Kaifeng, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1937586720953519","volume-title":"Human behavior and environment: Advances in theory and research","volume":"2","author":"Altman I.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr2-1937586720953519","unstructured":"The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine. (2020, May 6). Statement on the reopening of post-acute & long-term care facilities. The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine. http:\/\/paltc.org\/sites\/default\/files\/AMDA%20Statement%20on%20PALTC%20facilities%20reopening%20FINAL%2005MAY2020.pdf"},{"key":"bibr3-1937586720953519","volume-title":"Ecological psychology: Concepts and methods for studying the environment of human behavior","author":"Barker G.","year":"1968"},{"key":"bibr4-1937586720953519","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2020-214290"},{"key":"bibr5-1937586720953519","unstructured":"Cenziper D., Jacobs J., Mulcahy S. (2020, April 17). Hundreds of nursing homes with cases of coronavirus have violated federal infection-control rules in recent years. The Washington Post. https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/business\/2020\/04\/17\/nursing-home-coronavirus-deaths\/?arc404=true"},{"key":"bibr6-1937586720953519","unstructured":"China. (2020a). Guidelines for preventing and controlling COVID-19 in infected senior-living facilities and high-risk areas. The State Council, Ministry of Civil Affairs. http:\/\/www.gov.cn\/xinwen\/2020-02\/25\/content_5483265.htm"},{"key":"bibr7-1937586720953519","unstructured":"China. (2020b, February 7). Guidelines for preventing and controlling COVID-19 in senior-living facilities. The State Council, Ministry of Civil Affairs. http:\/\/www.gov.cn\/zhengce\/zhengceku\/2020-02\/07\/content_5475906.htm"},{"key":"bibr8-1937586720953519","unstructured":"Condon B., Herschaft R. (2020, April 13). More than 3,600 U.S. Coronavirus deaths have been linked to nursing homes. Time. https:\/\/time.com\/5819859\/us-nursing-home-deaths\/"},{"key":"bibr9-1937586720953519","volume":"3","author":"Harris-Kojetin L.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vital & Health Statistics"},{"key":"bibr10-1937586720953519","unstructured":"Ingold J. (2020, April 8). Many Colorado nursing homes were already struggling to control infections. Then came coronavirus. The Colorado Sun. https:\/\/coloradosun.com\/2020\/04\/08\/colorado-nursing-home-infection-coronavirus\/"},{"key":"bibr11-1937586720953519","unstructured":"Johns Hopkins University. (2020). COVID-19 dashboard by the center for systems science and engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). https:\/\/coronavirus.jhu.edu\/data;https:\/\/gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com\/apps\/opsdashboard\/index.html#\/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6"},{"key":"bibr12-1937586720953519","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5034\/inquiryjrnl_42.4.335"},{"key":"bibr13-1937586720953519","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.367.6482.1061"},{"key":"bibr15-1937586720953519","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loeb M., Brazil K., Lohfeld L., McGeer A., Simor A., Stevenson K., Walter S., Zoutman D. (2002). Optimizing antibiotics in residents of nursing homes: Protocol of a randomized trial. BioMed Central Health Services Research, 2(17). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6963-1182-1117","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-2-17"},{"key":"bibr16-1937586720953519","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6912e1"},{"key":"bibr25-1937586720953519","volume-title":"Statistical Data of Civil Affairs of the people\u2019s republic of China (2020 Spring)","author":"Ministry of Civil Affairs of China","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr17-1937586720953519","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1349-9"},{"key":"bibr18-1937586720953519","unstructured":"National Bureau of Statistics of China. (2015). Statistical communiqu\u00e9 of the People\u2019s Republic of China on the 2014 National Economic and Social Development. www.stats.gov.cn\/english\/PressRelease\/201502\/t20150228_687439.html"},{"key":"bibr19-1937586720953519","unstructured":"PopulationStat. (2019). World statistical data. World Bank, United Nations, Census, GeoNames. populationstat.com\/china"},{"key":"bibr20-1937586720953519","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6143402"},{"key":"bibr21-1937586720953519","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18356\/b793d926-en"},{"key":"bibr22-1937586720953519","unstructured":"Wang Z. (2020). Cross-national comparison of environmental factors important to facility-based senior living. Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 1(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/193758672"},{"key":"bibr23-1937586720953519","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10901-017-9584-z"},{"key":"bibr24-1937586720953519","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648"}],"container-title":["HERD: Health Environments Research &amp; Design Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1937586720953519","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1937586720953519","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1937586720953519","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:44:03Z","timestamp":1777448643000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1937586720953519"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1937586720953519"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1937586720953519","relation":{},"ISSN":["1937-5867","2167-5112"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1937-5867","type":"print"},{"value":"2167-5112","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]}}}