{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T19:27:25Z","timestamp":1786562845088,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["HERD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examines how flexible design attributes in staff-only communal spaces influence healthcare workers\u2019 perceived social support during high-stress periods such as the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Communal staff spaces offer essential opportunities for relaxation, rejuvenation, and social interaction. Indeed, for some, these spaces can become third places supporting individual needs and fostering a sense of belonging. The pandemic, however, imposed severe restrictions on the use of such spaces, often exacerbating staff stress levels. Lessons from the recent pandemic highlighted the need to reassess these dedicated spaces in terms of their design and functionality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A survey of healthcare staff (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009233) who had worked in the field during the pandemic was conducted. The survey was informed by prior research that included a scoping review and expert interviews. Participants evaluated three illustrated design scenarios using Likert-scale measures of social support.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nonparametric tests revealed statistically significant differences in staff preferences across three design scenarios emphasizing different flexibility attributes (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Post hoc analyses showed a strong preference for versatile spaces\n                      <jats:bold>,<\/jats:bold>\n                      particularly those that provided both indoor and outdoor options\n                      <jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold>\n                      Flexibility attributes directly support core third-place qualities by enabling spaces to remain accessible, comfortable, and socially supportive even as conditions change.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings emphasize the importance of investing in intentionally designed staff spaces that can operate as supportive third places. Flexible environments that can adjust to evolving needs play a crucial role in helping communal spaces function as effective third places that support connection, social interaction, and staff well-being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19375867261438803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T13:25:16Z","timestamp":1776691516000},"page":"131-148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reimagining Third Places in Healthcare: The Role of Flexible Design in Enhancing Social Support in Healthcare Communal Spaces"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4392-3422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurah","family":"Alfowzan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Architecture and Design, Prince Sultan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Portillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interior Design, College of Design, Construction and Planning, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1320-3993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shabboo","family":"Valipoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interior Design, College of Design, Construction and Planning, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.10.049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","volume-title":"Reopening America: Strategies for safer buildings\u2014AIA","author":"AIA","year":"2021","unstructured":"AIA. 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