{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:12:08Z","timestamp":1777615928919,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,7]],"date-time":"2014-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot &amp; Ankle Specialist"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    With the increased prevalence of obesity, there has been a parallel rise in musculoskeletal disorders. However, the effect of body mass index (BMI) on pathology of the hindfoot and ankle is scarcely understood. The purpose of the present report was to compare the number of tendinous and ligamentous pathologies within the hindfoot and ankle between overweight (BMI \u2265 25.00 kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and nonoverweight (BMI &lt; 25.00 kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) atraumatic patients. We hypothesized that overweight patients would demonstrate more tendinous and ligamentous pathologies compared with their nonoverweight counterparts. Five hundred consecutive magnetic resonance images were reviewed. One hundred eight patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sixty-six patients were overweight and 42 patients were nonoverweight. Ninety-eight percent of overweight patients demonstrated pathology of a tendinous or ligamentous nature, whereas 62% of nonoverweight patients demonstrated pathology of a tendinous or ligamentous nature. Thus, the prevalence of pathology was 1.59 times higher among overweight patients compared with nonoverweight patients. Moreover, controlling for age, overweight patients demonstrated approximately twice as many tendinous and ligamentous pathologies compared with nonoverweight patients (adjusted mean \u00b1 SD = 4.44 \u00b1 2.14 vs 1.98 \u00b1 2.07, respectively), which was statistically significantly different ( P &lt; .001). To definitively assess causation and the clinical evolution of hindfoot and ankle pathology, prospective, longitudinal cohort studies are warranted.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Level of Evidence: Diagnostic, Level III: Case series<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640014539805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,8]],"date-time":"2014-07-08T20:35:51Z","timestamp":1404851751000},"page":"449-456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparing Tendinous and Ligamentous Ankle Pathology in Atraumatic Overweight and Nonoverweight Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Melissa M.","family":"Galli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinated Health, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA (MMG, NMP, EMM, AM, ES, SAB)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Protzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinated Health, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA (MMG, NMP, EMM, AM, ES, SAB)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eiran M.","family":"Mandelker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinated Health, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA (MMG, NMP, EMM, AM, ES, SAB)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinated Health, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA (MMG, NMP, EMM, AM, ES, SAB)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinated Health, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA (MMG, NMP, EMM, AM, ES, SAB)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen A.","family":"Brigido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinated Health, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA (MMG, NMP, EMM, AM, ES, SAB)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1938640014539805","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.14.1723"},{"key":"bibr2-1938640014539805","first-page":"1","volume":"82","author":"Ogden CL","year":"2012","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"key":"bibr3-1938640014539805","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Overweight and obesity. Data and statistics. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/obesity\/data\/facts.html. Published April 2012. 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Obesity Prevention and Wellness Program. Pennsylvania obesity data and trends. http:\/\/www.portal.state.pa.us\/portal\/server.pt\/community\/obesity\/14184. Published 2013. Accessed August 1, 2013."},{"key":"bibr27-1938640014539805","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2007.0996"},{"key":"bibr28-1938640014539805","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-8-41"},{"key":"bibr29-1938640014539805","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-012-1476-9"},{"key":"bibr30-1938640014539805","volume-title":"Handbuch der Gewebelehre des Menschen","author":"K\u00f6lliker A","year":"1855"},{"key":"bibr31-1938640014539805","first-page":"325","volume":"48","author":"Rudolph G","year":"1964","journal-title":"Ges Path"},{"key":"bibr32-1938640014539805","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.1997.tb00119.x"},{"key":"bibr33-1938640014539805","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-195903000-00011"},{"key":"bibr34-1938640014539805","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)76931-2"},{"key":"bibr35-1938640014539805","volume-title":"Surgery and Biology of Wound Repair","author":"Peacock EE","year":"1970"},{"key":"bibr36-1938640014539805","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.32.4.346"}],"container-title":["Foot &amp; Ankle Specialist"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1938640014539805","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1938640014539805","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1938640014539805","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T21:32:44Z","timestamp":1777411964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1938640014539805"}},"subtitle":["A Comprehensive MRI Review"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,7]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1938640014539805"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1938640014539805","relation":{},"ISSN":["1938-6400","1938-7636"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1938-6400","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-7636","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,7]]}}}