{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T09:22:51Z","timestamp":1780564971057,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,20]],"date-time":"2017-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492646400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot &amp; Ankle Specialist"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The purpose of this study was to examine medical, social, and psychological factors associated with complications and reoperation after foot and ankle reconstruction.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    . A retrospective chart review was conducted of 132 patients (135 feet; 139 operative cases) who had elective foot and ankle reconstruction. Medical, social, and psychological variables were documented. Primary outcomes included complications and reoperations.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The overall complication rate was 28% (39\/139), and the reoperation rate was 17% (24\/139). Alcohol use (P = .03) and preoperative narcotic use (P = .02) were risk factors for complications, with delayed wound healing more frequent in alcohol users (P = .03) and deep infection (P = .045) and nonunion (P = .046) more frequent preoperative narcotic use. Deep infection also was more frequent in tobacco users (P &lt; .01). Older patients were less likely to undergo reoperation (risk of reoperation increased with age). Other variables were not associated with increased complications.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Patients who consumed alcohol or had been prescribed any amount of narcotic within 3 months preoperatively were at increased risk for complications. Patients who smoked were more likely to have a wound infection. Surgeons should be aware of these factors and counsel patients before surgery.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Levels of Evidence:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Level III: Retrospective comparative study\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640017706155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,20]],"date-time":"2017-04-20T04:37:20Z","timestamp":1492663040000},"page":"54-60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Preoperative Risk Factors for Complications in Elective Ankle and Hindfoot Reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ryan P.","family":"Mulligan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery &amp; Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee (RPM, BJG, DRR, SNI, GAM)"},{"name":"HSHS Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Belleville, Illinois (KM)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin J.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery &amp; Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee (RPM, BJG, DRR, SNI, GAM)"},{"name":"HSHS Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Belleville, Illinois (KM)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Grear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery &amp; Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee (RPM, BJG, DRR, SNI, GAM)"},{"name":"HSHS Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Belleville, Illinois (KM)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery &amp; Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee (RPM, BJG, DRR, SNI, GAM)"},{"name":"HSHS Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Belleville, Illinois (KM)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan N.","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Clinic, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery &amp; Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee (RPM, BJG, DRR, SNI, GAM)"},{"name":"HSHS Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Belleville, Illinois (KM)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. 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