{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:59:06Z","timestamp":1777615146773,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]],"date-time":"2019-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558396800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007307","name":"Arthrex","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007307","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot &amp; Ankle Specialist"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of ankle arthroscopy as a means for diagnosing syndesmotic reduction or malreduction and to determine anatomical landmarks for diagnosis. Methods. Six matched-pair cadavers (n = 12) with through-knee amputations were studied. Component parts of the syndesmosis and distal 10 cm of the interosseous membrane (IOM) were sectioned in each. The 12 specimens were divided into 2 groups: 6 specimens in the in-situ group fixed with suture button technique and 6 specimens in the malreduced group rigidly held with a 3.5-mm screw. Specimens were randomized to undergo diagnostic arthroscopy by 3 fellowship-trained foot and ankle orthopaedic surgeons in a blinded fashion. Surgeons were asked to determine if the syndesmosis was reduced or malreduced and provide arthroscopic measurements of their findings. Results. Of 36 arthroscopic evaluations, 34 (94%) were correctly diagnosed. Arthroscopic measurement of 3.5 mm diastasis or greater at the anterior aspect of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis correlated with a posteriorly malreduced fibula. Arthroscopic evaluation of the Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL), IOM, Posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL), lateral fibular gutter, and the tibia\/fibula relationship were found to be reliable landmarks in determining syndesmotic reduction. An intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for interrater reliability of 1.00 was determined for each of these landmarks between 2 surgeons (P &lt; .001). The ICCs between 2 surgeons\u2019 measurements and the computed tomography measurements were found to be 0.896 (P value &lt; .001). Conclusions. Ankle arthroscopy is a reliable method to assess syndesmotic relationship when reduced in situ or posteriorly malreduced 10 mm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Levels of Evidence: Level V: Cadaveric<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640019846972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T02:23:44Z","timestamp":1558491824000},"page":"219-227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Use of Anatomical Landmarks in Ankle Arthroscopy to Determine Accuracy of Syndesmotic Reduction: A Cadaveric Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6451-6570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Spenser J.","family":"Cassinelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California (SJC, TGH)"},{"name":"Congress Orthopedic Associates, Pasadena, California (TGH)"},{"name":"UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California (EG, CK)"},{"name":"Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Center for Outcomes-Based Orthopaedics, Vail, Colorado (LMM)"},{"name":"Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado (CMR)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California (SJC, TGH)"},{"name":"Congress Orthopedic Associates, Pasadena, California (TGH)"},{"name":"UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California (EG, CK)"},{"name":"Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Center for Outcomes-Based Orthopaedics, Vail, Colorado (LMM)"},{"name":"Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado (CMR)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Giza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California (SJC, TGH)"},{"name":"Congress Orthopedic Associates, Pasadena, California (TGH)"},{"name":"UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California (EG, CK)"},{"name":"Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Center for Outcomes-Based Orthopaedics, Vail, Colorado (LMM)"},{"name":"Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado (CMR)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9566-6053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Kreulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California (SJC, TGH)"},{"name":"Congress Orthopedic Associates, Pasadena, California (TGH)"},{"name":"UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California (EG, CK)"},{"name":"Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Center for Outcomes-Based Orthopaedics, Vail, Colorado (LMM)"},{"name":"Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado (CMR)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren M.","family":"Matheny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California (SJC, TGH)"},{"name":"Congress Orthopedic Associates, Pasadena, California (TGH)"},{"name":"UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California (EG, CK)"},{"name":"Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Center for Outcomes-Based Orthopaedics, Vail, Colorado (LMM)"},{"name":"Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado (CMR)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colin M.","family":"Robbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California (SJC, TGH)"},{"name":"Congress Orthopedic Associates, Pasadena, California (TGH)"},{"name":"UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California (EG, CK)"},{"name":"Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Center for Outcomes-Based Orthopaedics, Vail, Colorado (LMM)"},{"name":"Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado (CMR)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas O.","family":"Clanton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California (SJC, TGH)"},{"name":"Congress Orthopedic Associates, Pasadena, California (TGH)"},{"name":"UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California (EG, CK)"},{"name":"Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Center for Outcomes-Based Orthopaedics, Vail, Colorado (LMM)"},{"name":"Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado 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