{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T15:07:13Z","timestamp":1793286433627,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,22]],"date-time":"2019-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot &amp; Ankle Specialist"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Turf toe<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a term used to describe myriad injuries to the metatarsophalangeal complex of the great toe, which have been associated with the introduction of artificial turf surfaces in sport. If not diagnosed early and treated properly, these injuries can result in chronic pain and loss of mobility. Accurate injury grading through physical exam and advanced imaging is essential to guide treatment, thereby minimizing long-term complications and maximizing an athlete\u2019s recovery and return to play.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Levels of Evidence:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Level V\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640019857794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,22]],"date-time":"2019-06-22T04:42:01Z","timestamp":1561178521000},"page":"161-168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Turf Toe Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3320-1197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Chiou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (DC)"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (KLS, GW)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen L.","family":"Stupay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (DC)"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (KLS, GW)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Waryasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (DC)"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (KLS, GW)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"81","article-title":"Turf-toe: a shoe-surface related football injury","volume":"8","author":"Bowers KD","year":"1976","unstructured":"Bowers KDJr, Martin RB. Turf-toe: a shoe-surface related football injury. Med Sci Sports. 1976;8:81-83.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2009.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2009.0405"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2014.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657800600604"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713514038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-017-9390-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659001800311"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)30282-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640013507107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006416-200607000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.98B10.37896"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0834"},{"issue":"142","key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197907000-00011","article-title":"Forces under the hallux valgus foot before and after surgery","author":"Stokes IA","year":"1979","unstructured":"Stokes IA, Hutton WC, Stott JR, Lowe LW. Forces under the hallux valgus foot before and after surgery. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1979;(142):64-72.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078700700405"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2015.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640418708729771"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2013.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2016.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"8","volume":"12","author":"Getz B","year":"2000","unstructured":"Getz B, Bowermeister K. Turf toe. Hughst Heal Alert. 2000;12:8.","journal-title":"Turf toe. Hughst Heal Alert"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738110386681"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","first-page":"358","article-title":"Foot and ankle injuries in American football","volume":"45","author":"Hsu AR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hsu AR, Anderson RB. Foot and ankle injuries in American football. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2016;45:358-367.","journal-title":"Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"687","article-title":"Periarticular injuries to the hallux metatarsophalangeal joint in athletes","volume":"5","author":"Watson TS","year":"2000","unstructured":"Watson TS, Anderson RB, Davis WH. Periarticular injuries to the hallux metatarsophalangeal joint in athletes. Foot Ankle Clin. 2000;5:687-713.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100717697961"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.6.05"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100712464953"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738114527546"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00132587-200212000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","article-title":"Turf toe: ligamentous injury of the first metatarsophalangeal joint","volume":"169","author":"Allen LR","year":"2004","unstructured":"Allen LR, Flemming D, Sanders TG. Turf toe: ligamentous injury of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Mil Med. 2004;169:xix-xxiv.","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"issue":"304","key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","first-page":"200","article-title":"MRI findings of acute turf toe: a case report and review of anatomy","author":"Tewes DP","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tewes DP, Fischer DA, Fritts HM, Guanche CA. MRI findings of acute turf toe: a case report and review of anatomy. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994;(304):200-203.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2009.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079101200210"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2016.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.00614"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.163.3.8079860"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-200209000-00029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3489-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","first-page":"298","article-title":"Fracture of sesamoid bones of the foot: with report of a case","volume":"11","author":"Hobart MH.","year":"1929","unstructured":"Hobart MH. Fracture of sesamoid bones of the foot: with report of a case. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1929;11:298-302.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-003-0472-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602700212"}],"container-title":["Foot &amp; Ankle Specialist"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1938640019857794","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1938640019857794","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1938640019857794","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T21:30:41Z","timestamp":1777411841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1938640019857794"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,22]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1938640019857794"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1938640019857794","relation":{},"ISSN":["1938-6400","1938-7636"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1938-6400","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-7636","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,22]]}}}