{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:04:10Z","timestamp":1791518650881,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot &amp; Ankle Specialist"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Flexible flatfoot is the most common posture deformity among children. There are many diagnostic techniques to identify it, from clinical observation to measurements and imaging techniques, both in static and in dynamic conditions, but their reliability, validity, and accuracy are still unproven. The static and dynamic conditions differ; thus, the aim was to compare the results of the evaluation of flatfeet in 50 children (5-9 years of age) in both conditions: standing versus gait. Static evaluation. Comparison of the footprints (Harris and Beath pedograph) with the Clarke\u2019s footprinting graphics. Dynamic evaluation. On the same day, all children underwent pedobarography during gait. Geometric measures of the feet (midfoot width, instep width, instep, foot width) were calculated together with the Arch Index. In the static condition, 87 of 100 were classified as a flatfoot, whereas during walking, there were just 56 feet classified as flat. So 35 feet classified on the basis of the clinical examination and Clarke\u2019s footprint chart as flatfeet, according to the Arch Index calculated during walking were not flat, and 4 feet classified on the basis of Clarke\u2019s footprint chart as normal according to the Arch Index were flat.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Levels of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective cohort study<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640021991345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T05:29:30Z","timestamp":1613712570000},"page":"43-49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["How to Define Pediatric Flatfoot: Comparison of 2 Methods: Foot Posture in Static and Dynamic Conditions in Children 5 to 9 Years Old"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Boryczka-Trefler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8872-6476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Kalinowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Szczerbik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"St\u0119powska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"\u0141ukaszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Syczewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1938640021991345","unstructured":"American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. Pediatric flatfoot. Accessed January 20, 2021. https:\/\/www.acfas.org\/footankleinfo\/pediatric-flatfoot.htm"},{"key":"bibr2-1938640021991345","first-page":"99","volume":"21","author":"Gawron A","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Sport"},{"key":"bibr3-1938640021991345","first-page":"377","volume":"4","author":"Puzder A","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kwart Ortop"},{"key":"bibr4-1938640021991345","first-page":"197","volume":"4","author":"Radzimi\u0144ska A","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Health Sci"},{"key":"bibr5-1938640021991345","first-page":"1278","volume":"10","author":"Bac A","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fam Med Prim Care Rev"},{"key":"bibr6-1938640021991345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2005.07.023"},{"key":"bibr7-1938640021991345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2126"},{"key":"bibr8-1938640021991345","first-page":"343","volume":"77","author":"Walczak M","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nowiny Lekarskie"},{"key":"bibr9-1938640021991345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.12.012"},{"key":"bibr10-1938640021991345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193060"},{"key":"bibr11-1938640021991345","first-page":"69","volume":"47","author":"Evans AM","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"bibr12-1938640021991345","first-page":"247","volume":"23","author":"Halabchi F","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran J Pediatr"},{"key":"bibr13-1938640021991345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078900900506"},{"key":"bibr14-1938640021991345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foot.2006.02.001"},{"key":"bibr15-1938640021991345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2015.39.1.10"},{"key":"bibr16-1938640021991345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7547\/0980386"},{"key":"bibr17-1938640021991345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2004.09.013"},{"key":"bibr18-1938640021991345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2262"},{"issue":"7","key":"bibr19-1938640021991345","first-page":"CD006311","author":"Rome K","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"bibr20-1938640021991345","first-page":"943","volume":"32","author":"Powell M","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"bibr21-1938640021991345","first-page":"1471","volume":"11","author":"Rotter I","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fam Med Prim Care Rev"},{"key":"bibr22-1938640021991345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198971060-00002"},{"key":"bibr23-1938640021991345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2007.0715"},{"key":"bibr24-1938640021991345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1146-2-25"},{"key":"bibr25-1938640021991345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047-018-0264-3"},{"key":"bibr26-1938640021991345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14558"},{"key":"bibr27-1938640021991345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2010.08.003"},{"key":"bibr28-1938640021991345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(87)90255-7"},{"key":"bibr29-1938640021991345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2014.899629"},{"key":"bibr30-1938640021991345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047-017-0218-1"},{"key":"bibr31-1938640021991345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foot.2008.03.003"},{"key":"bibr32-1938640021991345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-016-0554-5"},{"key":"bibr33-1938640021991345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2005.10.001"},{"key":"bibr34-1938640021991345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200105000-00022"},{"key":"bibr35-1938640021991345","unstructured":"Groner C. Numbers needed to treat? The pediatric flexible flatfoot debate. Accessed January 20, 2021. https:\/\/lermagazine.com\/cover_story\/numbers-needed-to-treat-the-pediatric-flexible-flatfoot-debate"},{"key":"bibr36-1938640021991345","unstructured":"Novel scientific medical manual v.2.3.Novel Gmbh. 2012. https:\/\/www.novel.de\/products\/emed\/"}],"container-title":["Foot &amp; Ankle Specialist"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1938640021991345","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1938640021991345","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1938640021991345","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T21:31:27Z","timestamp":1777411887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1938640021991345"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1938640021991345"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1938640021991345","relation":{},"ISSN":["1938-6400","1938-7636"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1938-6400","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-7636","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]}}}