{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T21:04:15Z","timestamp":1769288655509,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot &amp; Ankle Specialist"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate outcomes after a minimum 5-year follow-up of feet with tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) after electroneuromyographic (ENMG) diagnosis and treatment. Possible predictive factors of outcome were sought.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients underwent, at the least, initial clinical evaluation, ENMG diagnosis, ultrasound and medical treatment for TTS. If treatment was unsuccessful after 6 months, tibial nerve release was proposed. Outcomes were classified as satisfactory (excellent and good) or unsatisfactory (fair and poor) based on Pfeiffer\u2019s classification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy-six feet received conservative treatment, with 65% of satisfactory outcomes, rising to 78% in case of additional tibial nerve release (16 feet, 21%, excellent results in 10 of 76 feet). Improvement was insufficient in 14% of feet, but the patients did not consider that surgery was necessary. Five years after medical treatment, outcome was satisfactory in 5 of 8 feet with nerve contact on ultrasound within the tarsal tunnel, and in 9 of 10 feet with isolated talus-nerve contact. Finally, 18% of feet had nerve contact on ultrasonography and a satisfactory outcome after conservative treatment when evaluated after a minimum of 5 years. Results tended to be better in the absence of static disorders (P = .058), hindfoot varus in particular (P = .032), and in women (P = .047).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conservative treatment of TTS yielded satisfactory outcomes at 5-year follow-up. Except in rare cases, it should be the first-line treatment even when nerve contact is seen on imaging. Surgical release appeared to be beneficial after failure of medical treatment at 6 months. Outcomes appeared poorer in feet with static disorders and better in women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Levels of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Therapeutic, Level IV, Retrospective<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19386400251407177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:15:59Z","timestamp":1768954559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome: Outcomes and Predictive Factors After a Minimum of 5-Year Follow-up Post-Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Maurice","family":"Bouysset","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Lyon 1, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5058-8867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthieu","family":"Lalev\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CETAPS UR 3832, Research Center for Sports and Athletic Activities Transformations, University of Rouen Normandy, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Denari\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaelle","family":"Bach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Clinique de la Sauvegarde, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Fantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Clinique du Parc, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Clinique de la Sauvegarde, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Tavernier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Clinique de la Sauvegarde, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Lyon 1, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Yves","family":"Coillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Clinique du Parc, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Boublil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Clinique du Parc, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9175-8620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabienne","family":"Coury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Lyon 1, Lyon, France"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, H\u00f4pital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France"},{"name":"Lyon Immunopathology Federation, Lyon, France"},{"name":"University of Lyon, INSERM UMR 1033, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.37539"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foot.2015.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20393"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"808","volume-title":"Foot and Ankle Disorders","author":"Haddad SL.","unstructured":"Haddad SL. Compressive neuropathies of the foot and ankle. In: Myerson MS, ed. Foot and Ankle Disorders. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000:808-833."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-06132-9_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Lew JT","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lew JT, Stearns M. Tibial neuropathy. In: StatPearls [Internet]. 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