{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:50:10Z","timestamp":1790268610283,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Foot &amp; Ankle Specialist"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Regional anesthesia is central to elective foot and ankle surgery. The popliteal nerve block (PNB) provides extended coverage for midfoot and hindfoot procedures, and ultrasound guidance is postulated to improve block accuracy, safety, and patient comfort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of ultrasound-guided PNBs in elective foot surgery, focusing on anesthetic success, onset and duration of action, patient tolerance, and postoperative analgesic use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective review was conducted of 101 consecutive patients who received ultrasound-guided PNBs in a UK podiatric surgery department between March 2018 and August 2020. Blocks were performed by podiatric surgeons or advanced podiatrists. Outcome measures included onset time of anesthesia (minutes), injection pain assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS), anesthetic success (adequate anesthesia without top-up), anesthetic failure (complete, tibial, or common peroneal), duration of anesthesia (hours until return of normal sensation), and postoperative analgesic use (days). Descriptive analysis was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean onset time of anesthesia was 21.8 \u00b1 12.2 minutes, and the mean duration was 24.9 \u00b1 11.9 hours. Anesthetic success was achieved in 94 of 101 cases (93.1%), with 7 failures (6.9%) managed using supplementary ankle blocks. The mean VAS pain score during injection was 2.4 \u00b1 1.9 out of 10. Patients required oral analgesia for an average of 4.1 days postoperatively (range: 0\u201356). No serious complications were reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultrasound-guided PNBs provided high success rates, prolonged postoperative analgesia, and good patient tolerance, with no major adverse events. These findings suggest that ultrasound-guided PNBs are a safe and effective regional anesthetic option for elective foot surgery, supporting their role in improving perioperative care and recovery. Prospective comparative studies are recommended to further evaluate their performance against other regional anesthetic techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>4<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19386400261465087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T06:40:47Z","timestamp":1783579247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical Effectiveness of Ultrasound-Guided Popliteal Nerve Block for Foot Surgery: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1126-7128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang S.","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Podiatric Surgery, Derbyshire Community Health Services NHS Foundation Trust, Ilkeston, UK"},{"name":"Department of Podiatric Surgery, Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Mexborough, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5350-0290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommy","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Podiatric Surgery, Derbyshire Community Health Services NHS Foundation Trust, Ilkeston, UK"},{"name":"Department of Podiatric Surgery, Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Mexborough, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antony","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Podiatric Surgery, Doncaster and Bassetlaw Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Mexborough, UK"},{"name":"Coriel Orthopaedic Group, Doncaster, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2344\/0003-3006-57.1.25"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S465814"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","volume-title":"The NHS Patient Safety Strategy Safer Culture, Safer Systems, Safer Patients NHS England and NHS Improvement","author":"NHS England","year":"2019","unstructured":"NHS England. The NHS Patient Safety Strategy Safer Culture, Safer Systems, Safer Patients NHS England and NHS Improvement. NHS England; 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/ael387"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2021.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200205000-00051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.FASTRC.2022.100231"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet196"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0B013E3181A3438E"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen384"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Overview: ultrasound-guided regional nerve block. NICE Guidance. Published 2009. Accessed July 25 2025. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ipg285"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000638"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001383"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199702000-00028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000204"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","first-page":"655","article-title":"Ultrasound guided popliteal nerve block in foot and ankle surgeries","volume":"14","author":"Tripathi R","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tripathi R, Parikh SN, Vidya V, Baranda M, Patel P. Ultrasound guided popliteal nerve block in foot and ankle surgeries. Eur J Cardiovasc Med. 2024;14(3):655-665.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000293"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2016.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","unstructured":"National Audit Office. NHS England; NHS England\u2019s management of elective care transformation programmes. Published 2025. 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