{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T17:50:26Z","timestamp":1782496226871,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study compares the usability of two levodopa dry powder inhalers. The Inbrija\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      inhaler involves several preparatory steps, including blister opening and capsule insertion. The Cyclops\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      inhaler is preloaded and disposable, designed for immediate use. Ease of use is critical, as cognitive and motor impairments may hinder the patients\u2019 ability to operate an inhaler.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixteen patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease experiencing predictable and recognizable off episodes were enrolled. After receiving inhalation instructions, patients performed the inhalation maneuver during their off-episode to assess the correct execution. They completed a questionnaire evaluating the ease of use for both devices. Each patient used both the Cyclops\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      and Inbrija\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      inhalers in a randomized sequence and completed the questionnaire.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All 16 patients correctly performed the Cyclops\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      inhaler steps during an off episode, while only 10 patients successfully completed the steps with the Inbrija\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      inhaler. Twelve of the sixteen patients (75%) expressed a preference for the Cyclops\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      , rating it higher in terms of ease of use and hygiene. However, concerns were raised regarding the environmental sustainability of its single-use design. For the Inbrija\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      , patients reported difficulties with opening the peel-off blister packaging, assembling the mouthpiece, and puncturing the capsules.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Cyclops\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      inhaler was more user-friendly during off episodes due to its ease of use and simpler handling. Since the Cyclops\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      is preloaded, it requires fewer and simpler steps. The preparation steps of Inbrija\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      posed usability challenges, particularly with opening the peel-off blister packaging of the capsule and assembling the mouthpiece and handle.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19412711261456530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T15:35:25Z","timestamp":1782228925000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Usability of Levodopa Cyclops\n                    <sup>\u00ae<\/sup>\n                    Compared to INBRIJA\n                    <sup>\u00ae<\/sup>\n                    During an off Episode in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8470-1362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valesca","family":"Wangsawirana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Martini Hospital, Groningen, Van Swietenplein 1 9700 RM Groningen, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Martini Hospital, Groningen, Van Swietenplein 1 9700 RM Groningen, The Netherlands."},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annebet van der","family":"Meulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Martini Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Hagedoorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Luinstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Martini Hospital, Groningen, Van Swietenplein 1 9700 RM Groningen, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henderik Willem","family":"Frijlink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00218-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27372"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15734"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-023-00486-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-022-00435-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2020.1724535"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aad8858"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26611"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.118493"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","unstructured":"12.European Medicines Agency Inbrija\u2122: EPAR\u2014Product information. 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