{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T21:04:04Z","timestamp":1788987844788,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,27]],"date-time":"2017-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Because sports participation at all levels often requires international travel, coaches, athletic trainers, and team physicians must effectively protect athletes from gastrointestinal infections. Traveler\u2019s diarrhea is the most common travel-related illness and can significantly interfere with training and performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Evidence Acquisition:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A review of relevant publications was completed using PubMed and Google Scholar.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level 5<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Enterotoxigenic and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli are the most common bacterial causes of traveler\u2019s diarrhea. Traveler\u2019s diarrhea generally occurs within 4 days of arrival, and symptoms tend to resolve within 5 days of onset. There are several prophylactic agents that physicians can recommend to athletes, including antibiotics, bismuth subsalicylate, and probiotics; however, each has its own unique limitations. Decision-making should be based on the athlete\u2019s destination, length of stay, and intent of travel.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prophylaxis with antibiotics is highly effective; however, physicians should be hesitant to prescribe medication due to the side effects and risks for creating antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. Antibiotics may be indicated for high-risk groups, such as those with a baseline disease or travelers who have little flexible time. Since most cases of traveler\u2019s diarrhea are caused by food and\/or water contamination, all athletes should be educated on the appropriate food and water consumption safety measures prior to travel.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738117732733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,27]],"date-time":"2017-09-27T11:58:37Z","timestamp":1506513517000},"page":"152-155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Gastrointestinal Prophylaxis in Sports Medicine"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Akash R.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Orthopaedic Center Sports Medicine and Concussion Program, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Oheb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Orthopaedic Center Sports Medicine and Concussion Program, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy L.","family":"Zaslow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Orthopaedic Center Sports Medicine and Concussion Program, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California"},{"name":"Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1941738117732733","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-1-39"},{"key":"bibr2-1941738117732733","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2015.1085968"},{"key":"bibr3-1941738117732733","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2007.04.007"},{"key":"bibr4-1941738117732733","first-page":"316","volume":"82","author":"Bryant HE","year":"1991","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"bibr5-1941738117732733","volume-title":"CDC Health Information for International Travel 2014: The Yellow Book","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr6-1941738117732733","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-10-200505170-00005"},{"key":"bibr7-1941738117732733","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-4-54"},{"key":"bibr8-1941738117732733","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03320410048030"},{"key":"bibr9-1941738117732733","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(02)00282-0"},{"key":"bibr10-1941738117732733","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/16.5.616"},{"key":"bibr11-1941738117732733","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. 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