{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:39:49Z","timestamp":1791855589305,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,8]],"date-time":"2018-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518048000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Although increased training load (TL) and impaired sleep are associated with decreases in subjective well-being in adult athletes, these relationships among female youth athletes are unclear. It is unknown whether the effects of sleep and TL on well-being are independent or whether alterations in sleep mediate the effects of TL on subjective well-being.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n Sleep and TL exert independent effects on subjective well-being among youth athletes, although alterations in sleep mediate a significant portion of the effect of TL on well-being in female youth athletes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n Prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n Level 4.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A total of 65 female soccer athletes (age range, 13-18 years) were monitored for 1 year. Daily TL was determined by session rating of perceived exertion and converted to z-scores. Every morning, participants recorded sleep duration in hours and rated stress, mood, fatigue, and soreness on a scale from \u22123 to +3 (worst to best). Linear mixed-effects models and mediation analysis were used to evaluate the independent effects of TL and sleep on well-being.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Average sleep duration was 7.9 \u00b1 1.4 hours during the study period. In the multivariable model, TL and sleep duration were independently associated with fatigue (TL: \u03b2 = \u22120.19, P < 0.001; sleep: \u03b2 = 0.15, P < 0.001), mood (TL: \u03b2 = \u22120.030, P = 0.014; sleep: \u03b2 = 0.13, P < 0.001), stress (TL: \u03b2 = \u22120.055, P = 0.001; sleep: \u03b2 = 0.13, P < 0.001), and soreness (TL: \u03b2 = \u22120.31, P < 0.001; sleep: \u03b2 = 0.022, P = 0.042). Sleep duration mediated a significant portion of the effect of TL on mood (26.8%, P < 0.001), fatigue (12.6%, P < 0.001), and stress (24.5%, P < 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Among female youth athletes, decreased sleep duration and increased TL are independently associated with impairments of subjective well-being. In addition, decreased sleep mediates a significant portion of the negative effect of increases in TL on subjective well-being.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n Monitoring and promoting sleep among female adolescent athletes may significantly improve subjective well-being, particularly during periods of increased TL.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738118757422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,8]],"date-time":"2018-02-08T12:39:51Z","timestamp":1518093591000},"page":"244-249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Impaired Sleep Mediates the Negative Effects of Training Load on Subjective Well-Being in Female Youth Athletes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Watson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey","family":"Brickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1941738118757422","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.412"},{"key":"bibr2-1941738118757422","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0459-8"},{"key":"bibr3-1941738118757422","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199807000-00023"},{"key":"bibr4-1941738118757422","first-page":"109","volume":"15","author":"Foster C","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"bibr5-1941738118757422","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.018275"},{"key":"bibr6-1941738118757422","first-page":"764","volume":"19","author":"Gabbett TJ.","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"bibr7-1941738118757422","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0650-6"},{"key":"bibr8-1941738118757422","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000177"},{"key":"bibr9-1941738118757422","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199520050-00003"},{"key":"bibr10-1941738118757422","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0619-5"},{"key":"bibr11-1941738118757422","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2015.1118384"},{"key":"bibr12-1941738118757422","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318279a10a"},{"key":"bibr13-1941738118757422","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000151"},{"key":"bibr14-1941738118757422","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6288"},{"key":"bibr15-1941738118757422","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Development Core Team","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr16-1941738118757422","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2013.843024"},{"key":"bibr17-1941738118757422","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094758"},{"key":"bibr18-1941738118757422","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000546"},{"key":"bibr19-1941738118757422","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00101"},{"key":"bibr20-1941738118757422","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200232020-00002"},{"key":"bibr21-1941738118757422","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096584"}],"container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1941738118757422","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1941738118757422","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1941738118757422","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:42:23Z","timestamp":1777588943000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1941738118757422"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,8]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1941738118757422"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1941738118757422","relation":{},"ISSN":["1941-7381","1941-0921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1941-7381","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-0921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,8]]}}}