{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T22:02:14Z","timestamp":1792447334180,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]],"date-time":"2018-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536278400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hazing and peer sexual abuse in sport are a critical issue, brought into public scrutiny with increasing frequency due to various forms of media, resulting in major causes of numerous avoidable mental health issues, and in some cases, even death. While the exact incidence of these activities is extremely difficult to quantify, trends indicate that the problem is very likely underreported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Evidence Acquisition:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Google, various legal journals\/statutes, books on hazing and peer abuse in sport, and newspaper periodicals\/editorials were all searched. Sources range in date from 1968 through 2018.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level 5.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hazing and peer sexual abuse are complex issues that have the potential to lead to physical, emotional, and mental harm. The underlying causes of hazing are complex but rooted in maintaining a hierarchical structure within the team unit. By implementing various changes and strategies, coaches and team administration can mitigate the risks of these behaviors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hazing and peer sexual abuse in sport are avoidable and must be eliminated to maximize the numerous physical and psychosocial benefits attainable by participating in team athletics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738118797322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]],"date-time":"2018-09-07T14:32:53Z","timestamp":1536330773000},"page":"558-564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["The Spectrum of Hazing and Peer Sexual Abuse in Sports: A Current Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Aaron Slone","family":"Jeckell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"},{"name":"Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"},{"name":"Program for Injury Prevention in Youth Sports, Children\u2019s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth Anne","family":"Copenhaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"},{"name":"Program for Injury Prevention in Youth Sports, Children\u2019s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex Benjamin","family":"Diamond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1941738118797322","volume-title":"Initial Findings From the National Study of Student Hazing","author":"Allan EJ.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr2-1941738118797322","unstructured":"Allan EJ, Madden M. Hazing in view: college students at risk. 2008. https:\/\/www.stophazing.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/hazing_in_view_web1.pdf. Accessed September 20, 2017."},{"key":"bibr3-1941738118797322","unstructured":"Allan EJ, Madden M. Hazing in view: high school students at risk. 2008. http:\/\/www.stophazing.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/08\/HazinginViewHighSchoolReport.pdf. 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School hazing investigations, reports yield prevention guidelines for schools. 2017. https:\/\/www.nfhs.org\/articles\/school-hazing-investigations-reports-yield-prevention-guidelines-for-schools\/. Accessed December 15, 2017."},{"key":"bibr21-1941738118797322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/lest.12107"},{"key":"bibr22-1941738118797322","unstructured":"Gutowski C, St Clair S. 5 Wheaton College football players face felony charges in hazing incident. Chicago Tribune. September 19, 2017. http:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/news\/local\/breaking\/ct-wheaton-college-football-hazing-met-20170918-story.html. Accessed September 21, 2017."},{"key":"bibr23-1941738118797322","unstructured":"Gutowski C, St Clair S. Player charged in Wheaton College hazing \u201cfrustrated\u201d and \u201cdisappointed,\u201d attorney says. Chicago Tribune. September 20, 2017. http:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/news\/local\/breaking\/ct-wheaton-college-hazing-follow-met-20170920-story.html. 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November 14, 1990. http:\/\/articles.chicagotribune.com\/1990-11-14\/news\/9004040230_1_hazing-death-nicholas-haben-fraternity. Accessed August 30, 2017."},{"key":"bibr31-1941738118797322","first-page":"54","volume":"3","author":"Kearney-Cooke A","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Gend Specif Med"},{"key":"bibr32-1941738118797322","volume-title":"The Dome of Silence: Sexual Harassment and Abuse in Sport","author":"Kirby S","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr33-1941738118797322","unstructured":"Lamothe D. Military hazing is often horrifying\u2014and the Pentagon has no idea how often it happens. The Washington Post. February 12, 2016. https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/checkpoint\/wp\/2016\/02\/12\/military-hazing-is-often-horrifying-and-the-pentagon-has-no-idea-how-often-it-happens\/?utm_term=.613405b1a89f. 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