{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:46:18Z","timestamp":1777877178499,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]],"date-time":"2020-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591747200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sport concussion (SC) causes an energy crisis in the brain by increasing energy demand, decreasing energy supply, and altering metabolic resources. Whole-body resting metabolic rate (RMR) is elevated after more severe brain injuries, but RMR changes are unknown after SC. The purpose of this study was to longitudinally examine energy-related changes in collegiate athletes after SC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RMR and energy consumption will increase acutely after SC and will return to control levels with recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case-control study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level 4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 20 collegiate athletes with SC (mean age, 19.3 \u00b1 1.08 years; mean height, 1.77 \u00b1 0.11 m; mean weight, 79.6 \u00b1 23.37 kg; 55% female) were compared with 20 matched controls (mean age, 20.8 \u00b1 2.17 years; mean height, 1.77 \u00b1 0.10 m; mean weight, 81.9 \u00b1 23.45 kg; 55% female). RMR, percentage carbohydrate use (%CHO), and energy balance (EBal; ratio between caloric consumption and expenditure) were assessed 3 times: T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      , \u226472 hours after SC; T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , 7 days after T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ; and T\n                      <jats:sub>F<\/jats:sub>\n                      , after symptom resolution. A 2 \u00d7 2 \u00d7 3 (group \u00d7 sex \u00d7 time) multivariate analysis of variance assessed RMR, %CHO, and EBal. Changes in RMR, %CHO, and EBal (T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      to T\n                      <jats:sub>F<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) were correlated with days to symptom-free and days to return to play in the concussed group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Women reported being symptom-free (median, 6 days; range, 3-10 days) sooner than men (median, 11 days; range, 7-16 days). RMR and %CHO did not differ across time between groups or for group \u00d7 sex interaction. SC participants had higher EBal than controls at T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ( P = 0.016) and T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ( P = 0.010). In men with SC, increasing %CHO over time correlated with days to symptom-free ( r = 0.735 and P = 0.038, respectively) and days to return to play ( r = 0.829 and P = 0.021, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants with SC were in energy surplus acutely after injury. Although women recovered more quickly than men, men had carbohydrate metabolism changes that correlated with recovery time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This pilot study shows that male and female student-athletes may have differing physiologic responses to SC and that there may be a role for dietary intervention to improve clinical outcomes after SC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738120923869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]],"date-time":"2020-06-10T13:27:33Z","timestamp":1591795653000},"page":"382-389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Whole-Body Metabolism, Carbohydrate Utilization, and Caloric Energy Balance After Sport Concussion: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Samuel R.","family":"Walton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia"},{"name":"Center for the Study of Retired Athletes and Matthew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven K.","family":"Malin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sibylle","family":"Kranz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donna K.","family":"Broshek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Hertel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob E.","family":"Resch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1941738120923869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.08.016"},{"key":"bibr2-1941738120923869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200104000-00004"},{"key":"bibr3-1941738120923869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200333140-00002"},{"key":"bibr4-1941738120923869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199409000-00022"},{"key":"bibr5-1941738120923869","volume-title":"Exercise Physiology: Human Bioenergetics and Its Applications","author":"Brooks GA","year":"2005","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr6-1941738120923869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9121313"},{"key":"bibr7-1941738120923869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1986.64.6.0895"},{"key":"bibr8-1941738120923869","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr9-1941738120923869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2008.10.004"},{"key":"bibr10-1941738120923869","volume-title":"Mathematical Methods of Statistics","author":"Cramer H.","year":"1946"},{"key":"bibr11-1941738120923869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001146"},{"key":"bibr12-1941738120923869","first-page":"228","volume":"36","author":"Giza CC","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"bibr13-1941738120923869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000089833.23606.7F"},{"key":"bibr14-1941738120923869","first-page":"280","volume":"39","author":"Guskiewicz KM","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"bibr15-1941738120923869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00735865"},{"key":"bibr16-1941738120923869","first-page":"231","volume-title":"Advanced Fitness Assessment and Exercise Prescription","author":"Heyward VH.","year":"2010","edition":"6"},{"key":"bibr17-1941738120923869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)01444-M"},{"key":"bibr18-1941738120923869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00997.2004"},{"key":"bibr19-1941738120923869","first-page":"271","volume-title":"Fundamental Neuroscience","volume":"2008","author":"Magistretti PJ."},{"key":"bibr20-1941738120923869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00075197-200309000-00007"},{"key":"bibr21-1941738120923869","first-page":"554","volume":"48","author":"McCrory P","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"bibr22-1941738120923869","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCrory P, Meeuwisse W, Dvorak J, et al. Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 5th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Berlin, October 2016. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51:838-847.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097699"},{"key":"bibr23-1941738120923869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.774471"},{"key":"bibr24-1941738120923869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198912000-00007"},{"key":"bibr25-1941738120923869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2015-000012"},{"key":"bibr26-1941738120923869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2017.05.002"},{"key":"bibr27-1941738120923869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1380001"},{"key":"bibr28-1941738120923869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.219634"},{"key":"bibr29-1941738120923869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1747-0080.12401"},{"key":"bibr30-1941738120923869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200434010-00001"},{"key":"bibr31-1941738120923869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2009.35"},{"key":"bibr32-1941738120923869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1996.13.25"},{"key":"bibr33-1941738120923869","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198511000-00010"}],"container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1941738120923869","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1941738120923869","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1941738120923869","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:43:48Z","timestamp":1777589028000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1941738120923869"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1941738120923869"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1941738120923869","relation":{},"ISSN":["1941-7381","1941-0921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1941-7381","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-0921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]]}}}