{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T11:41:57Z","timestamp":1793014917280,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003759","name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003759","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Regional Government of Andalusia"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008723","name":"universidad de c\u00e1diz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008723","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"ministerio de econom\u00eda y competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Convocatoria de ayudas"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017642","name":"Plan Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y T\u00e9cnica y de Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017642","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sex hormone deprivation derived from menopause may affect exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). No studies have previously evaluated this response between postmpenopausal and premenopausal eumenorrheic women over the menstrual cycle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postmenopausal women will present higher EIMD markers than premenopausal women, especially in comparison with the menstrual cycle phases where sex hormone concentrations are higher.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirteen postmenopausal and 19 eumenorrheic women, all of them resistance-trained, performed an eccentric squat-based exercise. The postmenopausal group performed 1 bout of exercise, while the eumenorrheic group performed 3 bouts coinciding with the early follicular, late follicular, and mid-luteal phases ot their menstrual cycle. Muscle soreness, countermovement jump, creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, and C-reactive protein were evaluated before and postexercise.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The expected differences in sex hormones were observed between groups ( P &lt; 0.001) according to their reproductive status. Postexercise increases in CK, myoglobin, and muscle soreness (168.2 \u00b1 45.5 U\/L, 123.1 \u00b1 41.5 \u00b5g\/L, and 20.7 \u00b1 21.3 mm, respectively) were observed in comparison with baseline (136.2 \u00b1 45.5 U\/L, 76.9 \u00b1 13.8 \u00b5g\/L, and 2.7 \u00b1 4.2 mm, respectively). Myoglobin values at baseline in postmenopausal women were higher compared with premenopausal women in the aforementioned menstrual cycle phases, respectively (62.8 \u00b1 8.2, 60.4 \u00b1 7.2, and 60.1 \u00b1 10.6 \u00b5g\/L; P &lt; 0.001 for all comparisons), which was supported by large effect sizes (0.72-1.08 standardized d units). No postexercise differences were observed between groups in any markers ( P &gt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite higher resting levels of myoglobin and lower strength values in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women, EIMD was similar between both reproductive profiles. This suggests a potential benefit of being physically active despite aging and sex hormone deprivation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sex hormone deprivation derived from menopause seems not to influence muscle damage reponse to eccentric exercise in resistance-trained postmenopausal women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381211014134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]],"date-time":"2021-05-29T15:59:18Z","timestamp":1622303958000},"page":"613-621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Postmenopausal Well-Trained Women"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nuria","family":"Romero-Parra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LFE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Maestre-Cascales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LFE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuria","family":"Mar\u00edn-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education. Faculty of Education Sciences, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of C\u00e1diz (INiBICA), University of C\u00e1diz, C\u00e1diz, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Rael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LFE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor M.","family":"Alfaro-Magallanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LFE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Cupeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LFE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana B.","family":"Peinado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LFE Research Group. 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