{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:18:00Z","timestamp":1791314280705,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Achilles injury risk in women\u2019s collegiate gymnastics is 10-fold higher than in all other collegiate sports. This study aims to identify risk factors for Achilles tendon ruptures in collegiate female gymnasts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gymnasts with Achilles tendon ruptures will be more likely to report early gymnastics specialization, elite-level training before college, and performance of high-difficulty skills on floor and vault.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level 4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anonymous surveys were distributed to current and former collegiate female gymnasts, aged 18 to 30 years, via coaches, athletic trainers, Twitter, and ResearchMatch. Information about Achilles tendon ruptures, gymnastics-related injuries, sport specialization, event\/skills participation, and medication use were collected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 581 gymnasts were included. One hundred gymnasts (17.2%; 95% CI: 14.1%-20.3%) reported Achilles tendon ruptures during collegiate training or competition. Most ruptures (91%) occurred on floor exercise; 85.7% of these occurred during back tumbling-take-off. Compared with gymnasts without ruptures during college, a greater percentage of gymnasts with ruptures competed at a Division I program, trained elite, competed difficult vaults and floor passes before and during college, competed in all 4 events during college, identified as Black\/African American, and used retinoid medications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Achilles tendon ruptures are more common in women\u2019s collegiate gymnastics than other sports. Competing at the elite level, performing difficult floor and vault skills, and competing in all 4 events may increase the risk for an Achilles tendon rupture. Potential nontraining risk factors include retinoid exposure and Black\/African American race. Future studies regarding the mechanisms of Achilles tendon ruptures in female collegiate gymnasts are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Collegiate gymnasts who compete at the elite level, perform high levels of difficulty on floor and vault, and compete in all 4 events may be at increased risk for Achilles tendon ruptures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381211034510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T05:04:09Z","timestamp":1627707849000},"page":"358-368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Factors Associated With Achilles Tendon Rupture in Women\u2019s Collegiate Gymnastics"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Bonanno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiatry, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiatry, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dave","family":"Tilley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Champion PT and Performance, Waltham, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zafir","family":"Abutalib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthcare Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Casey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiatry, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-19417381211034510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.09.005"},{"key":"bibr2-19417381211034510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-0657"},{"key":"bibr3-19417381211034510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.06.006"},{"key":"bibr4-19417381211034510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-993593","volume":"4","author":"B\u00f6hm E","year":"1990","journal-title":"Sportverletz Sportschaden"},{"key":"bibr5-19417381211034510","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Symposium Medico-Technique","volume":"1999","author":"Bruggemann G."},{"key":"bibr6-19417381211034510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099547"},{"key":"bibr7-19417381211034510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-019-04471-2"},{"key":"bibr8-19417381211034510","unstructured":"College Gym News. 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