{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:47:21Z","timestamp":1777877241074,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613952000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vestibular\/ocular motor dysfunction can occur in pediatric concussions, which can impair reading, learning, and participation in athletics. This study evaluated 3 clinical tools for identifying postconcussion vestibular\/ocular motor dysfunction: (1) Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS), (2) Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS), and (3) Vestibular\/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evaluating vestibular\/ocular motor dysfunction with multiple clinical tools will capture more symptomatic patients than any 1 tool alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional data from a prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level 4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients were between 8 and 17 years old and seen in a tertiary care pediatric sports medicine clinic between August 2014 and February 2018. Data were collected from initial visit and included VOMS, PCSS, and CISS. Descriptive statistics, Pearson\u2019s correlations, and logistic regressions were used to describe relationships between clinical tools.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 156 patients (55.1% female; 14.35 \u00b1 2.26 years old) included, this study identified 129 (82.7%) with vestibular\/ocular motor dysfunction. Of these 129, 65 (50.4%) reported \u201cvisual problems\u201d on PCSS, 93 (72.1%) had abnormal CISS, and 99 (76.7%) had abnormal VOMS. Together, VOMS and CISS identified 64 (49.6%) patients without reported \u201cvisual problems\u201d on PCSS. Higher total PCSS scores predicted abnormal CISS (odds ratio [OR], = 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07-1.17) and abnormal VOMS (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.06). \u201cVisual problems\u201d on PCSS did not predict abnormal CISS or VOMS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vestibular\/ocular motor dysfunction were identified in nearly 83% of study subjects when PCSS, CISS, and VOMS are used together.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results suggest adding CISS and VOMS to the clinical evaluation of concussions can help clinicians identify post-concussion vestibular\/ocular motor dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738121994116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T00:18:41Z","timestamp":1614039521000},"page":"565-572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Contributions of PCSS, CISS, and VOMS for Identifying Vestibular\/Ocular Motor Deficits in Pediatric Concussions"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Rishi D.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia R.","family":"LaBella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"},{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1941738121994116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199904000-00025"},{"key":"bibr2-1941738121994116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200312000-00014"},{"key":"bibr3-1941738121994116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.110395"},{"key":"bibr4-1941738121994116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.7.PEDS16310"},{"key":"bibr5-1941738121994116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.058255"},{"key":"bibr6-1941738121994116","unstructured":"Groce AA, Urankar MZ. Evaluating and treating concussion. Optometry Times. 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