{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:47:45Z","timestamp":1777877265462,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670976000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AR067381-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AR067381-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Risk for lower extremity musculoskeletal injury increases after sport-related concussion (SRC) and may result from unresolved motor control deficits. Muscle weakness is a deficit that could contribute to musculoskeletal injury risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Athletes with SRC will demonstrate quadriceps and hamstring muscle weakness at the time of return to sport and 30 days later compared with controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective matched cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 31 athletes with SRC (CONCUSSION) were matched by sex, age, and activity level to controls (CONTROL). Testing was conducted at initial assessment and 30 days later; initial assessment in CONCUSSION occurred when cleared for return to play. Isokinetic testing assessed quadriceps and hamstring strength of the dominant and nondominant legs at 60 and 180 deg\/s. Peak torque values were normalized to body mass (N-m\/kg). Data were analyzed with repeated measures general linear models (group \u00d7 time), and effect sizes were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analysis at 60 deg\/s included 26 matched pairs (15 male per group) and at 180 deg\/s included 30 matched pairs (17 males per group). Time from concussion to initial assessment was 21.3 (7.8) mean (standard deviation) days. No significant interactions or main effects were detected ( P &gt; 0.05). Across muscle groups, legs, and testing speeds, effect sizes at initial assessment were small ( d = 0.117 to 0.353), equating to a strength deficit in CONCUSSION of 0.04 to 0.18 N-m\/kg, and effect sizes were further reduced at 30-day follow-up (d = \u22120.191 to 0.252).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In athletes with SRC, quadriceps and hamstring strength were decreased only minimally at return to play compared with controls and the difference lessened over 30 days.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Strength deficits may not be a major contributor to increased lower extremity musculoskeletal injury risk after SRC. Strength training could be implemented before return to play after SRC to mitigate any strength deficits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381221136140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T00:45:56Z","timestamp":1671065156000},"page":"512-518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mild Quadriceps and Hamstring Strength Deficits Do Not Persist After Sport-Related Concussion"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Terese L.","family":"Chmielewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TRIA Orthopedic Center, Bloomington, Minnesota"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Rehabilitation Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 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