{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:47:51Z","timestamp":1777877271077,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"NINDS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01NS097549"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS097549"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004897","name":"PA DOH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While concussions are common pediatric injuries, a lack of agreement on a standard definition of recovery creates multiple challenges for clinicians and researchers alike.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The percentage of concussed youth deemed recovered as part of a prospective cohort study will differ depending on the recovery definition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descriptive epidemiologic study of a prospectively enrolled observational cohort<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants aged 11 to 18 years were enrolled from the concussion program of a tertiary care academic center. Data were collected from initial and follow-up clinical visits \u226412 weeks from injury. A total of 10 recovery definitions were assessed: (1) cleared to full return to sports; (2) return to full school; (3) self-reported return to normal; (4) self-reported full return to school; (5) self-reported full return to exercise; (6) symptom return to preinjury state; (7) complete symptom resolution; (8) symptoms below standardized threshold; (9) no abnormal visio-vestibular examination (VVE) elements; and (10) \u22641 abnormal VVE assessments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 174 participants were enrolled. By week 4, 63.8% met at least 1 recovery definition versus 78.2% by week 8 versus 88.5% by week 12. For individual measures of recovery at week 4, percent recovered ranged from 5% by self-reported full return to exercise to 45% for \u22641 VVE abnormality (similar trends at 8 and 12 weeks).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is wide variability in the proportion of youth considered recovered at various points following concussion depending on the definition of recovery, with higher proportions using physiologic examination-based measures and lower proportions using patient-reported measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results further emphasize the need for a multimodal assessment of recovery by clinicians as a single and standardized definition of recovery that captures the broad impact of concussion on a given patient continues to be elusive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381231152448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T04:31:16Z","timestamp":1678422676000},"page":"79-88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Variability of Recovery From Pediatric Concussion Using Multimodal Clinical Definitions"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Corwin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristina B.","family":"Metzger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Injury 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Medicine, The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina L.","family":"Master","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Sports Medicine and Performance Center, and The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-19417381231152448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922817709555"},{"key":"bibr2-19417381231152448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7154"},{"key":"bibr3-19417381231152448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000165"},{"key":"bibr4-19417381231152448","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097506SCAT5","volume":"51","author":"Concussion in Sport Group","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Sports 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