{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T00:21:38Z","timestamp":1793838098059,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694217600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Athletes are almost 3 times more at risk of experiencing urinary incontinence (UI) than sedentary women, with prevalence rates varying from 10.9% in low-impact sports such as cycling to 80% when engaging in high-impact sports such as trampoline gymnastics. To treat UI, pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training (PFMT) is recommended as a first line of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the present study was to perform a meta-analysis of the available literature on the efficacy of PFMT interventions in young, nulliparous female athletes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A literature research was conducted using PubMed, Sport Discus, and Web of Science.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Selection:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The inclusion criteria were studies with PFMT intervention in female athletes or recreationally active women. Interventions could be carried out for treatment or prevention of pelvic floor dysfunctions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review with meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level 5.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Extraction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A descriptive analysis of the articles included in the systematic review was carried out. Meta-analyses could be performed on 6 of the included articles, evaluating the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the PFMs, the amount of urinary leakage (AUL), and the vaginal resting pressure (VRP). Random-effects model and standardized mean differences (SMD) \u00b1 95% CI were reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The meta-analysis showed that PFMT produced a significant increase in MVC (SMD, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.11 to 1.08; P = 0.02) and a significant reduction of AUL (SMD, -1.13; 95% CI, -1.84 to -0.41; P &lt; 0.01) in female athletes. No effects were shown in VRP (SMD, -0.05; 95% CI, -1.27 to 1.17; P = 0.93).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PFMT is shown to be effective in increasing PFM strength and reducing urine leakage in female athletes, being a powerful tool to prevent and treat pelvic floor dysfunction in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381231195305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T03:13:28Z","timestamp":1694229208000},"page":"766-775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Interventions in Female Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Celia","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Longobardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Sciences of Physical Activity, Sport and Leisure Department, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"L\u00f3pez-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelia","family":"Guadalupe-Grau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"G\u00f3mez-Ruano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Sciences of Physical Activity, Sport and Leisure Department, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"bibr1-19417381231195305","first-page":"26","volume":"30","author":"Alvarez Saez M","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retos Nuevas Tendencias en Educacion Fisica Deporte y Recreacion"},{"key":"bibr2-19417381231195305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-115736"},{"key":"bibr3-19417381231195305","volume-title":"Efic\u00e1cia do Treino dos M\u00fasculos do Pavimento P\u00e9lvico no Tratamento da Incontin\u00eancia Urin\u00e1ria de Esfor\u00e7o em Jovens Atletas: Um Estudo Cl\u00ednico Randomizado Controlado","author":"Azevedo RMF","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr4-19417381231195305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2020.06.011"},{"key":"bibr5-19417381231195305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12965\/jer.2142666.333"},{"key":"bibr6-19417381231195305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3001666"},{"key":"bibr7-19417381231195305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-012-1759-2"},{"key":"bibr8-19417381231195305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-018-3629-z"},{"key":"bibr9-19417381231195305","volume":"10","author":"Dumoulin C","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"bibr10-19417381231195305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.60.05.010"},{"key":"bibr11-19417381231195305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-012-1786-z"},{"key":"bibr12-19417381231195305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24658"},{"key":"bibr13-19417381231195305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2007.06542.x"},{"key":"bibr14-19417381231195305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091880"},{"key":"bibr15-19417381231195305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-123045"},{"key":"bibr16-19417381231195305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-009-0976-9"},{"key":"bibr17-19417381231195305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2011.02.004"},{"key":"bibr18-19417381231195305","unstructured":"jamovi. 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