{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T11:17:44Z","timestamp":1783682264448,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703635200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sport-related concussions are a complex injury requiring multifaceted assessment, including physical exertion. Currently, concussion testing relies primarily on a treadmill-based protocol for assessing exertion-related symptoms in persons after concussion. This study compared a modified cycle protocol (Calgary Concussion Cycle Test [CCCT]) with the clinically adopted standard, the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test (BCTT), across multiple physiological parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Treadmill and cycle matched workload protocols would produce similar results for cerebral blood velocity, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (P\n                      <jats:sub>ET<\/jats:sub>\n                      CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), but heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) would be higher on the treadmill than the cycle modality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Crossover study design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 17 healthy adults (8 men, 9 women; age, 26 \u00b1 3 years; body mass index, 23.8 \u00b1 2.7 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) completed the BCTT and CCCT protocols, 7 days apart in a randomized order. During both exertional protocols, the physiological parameters measured were middle cerebral artery mean blood velocity (MCAv), MAP, P\n                      <jats:sub>ET<\/jats:sub>\n                      CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and HR. Analysis of variance with effect size computations, coefficient of variation, and Bland-Altman plots with 95% limits of agreement were used to compare exercise tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The BCTT and CCCT produced comparable results for both male and female participants with no significant differences for average MCAv, MAP, and P\n                      <jats:sub>ET<\/jats:sub>\n                      CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      (all P &gt; 0.05; all generalized eta squared [\u03b7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      <jats:sub>G<\/jats:sub>\n                      ] &lt; 0.02 [negligible]; P value range, 0.29-0.99) between stages. When accounting for exercise stage and modality, VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ( P &lt; 0.01) and HR ( P &lt; 0.01) were higher on the treadmill compared with the cycle. Aside from the final few stages, all physiology measures displayed good-to-excellent agreeability\/variability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The CCCT was physiologically similar to the BCTT in terms of MCAv, P\n                      <jats:sub>ET<\/jats:sub>\n                      CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and MAP; however, HR and VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      differed between modalities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Providing a cycle-based modality to exertional testing after injury may increase accessibility to determine symptom thresholds in the future.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381231217744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T03:56:30Z","timestamp":1703649390000},"page":"837-850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Comparison of the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test With a Physiologically Informed Cycle Test: Calgary Concussion Cycle Test"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lauren N.","family":"Miutz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebrovascular Concussion Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Integrated Concussion Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel S.","family":"Burma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebrovascular Concussion Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Integrated Concussion Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Brassard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University\u2002Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Research center of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron A.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiac Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn A.","family":"Emery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Integrated Concussion Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Smirl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebrovascular Concussion Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Integrated Concussion Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 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