{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:42:45Z","timestamp":1792370565838,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715472000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715472000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The recovery and rehabilitation journey after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgery can be different for competitive and recreational athletes as their motivation and goals toward sports are different.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Competitive athletes would present with better patient-reported outcomes and higher muscle strength compared with recreational athletes postsurgery. Second, competitive athletes would recover better (patient-reported outcome [PRO] measures and muscle strength) compared with recreational athletes at later stages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional laboratory-based study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level 2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 245 patients with unilateral ACLR were categorized as competitive or recreational athletes and grouped into early (4-6.9 months) or late (7-10 months) stages of recovery. PRO were collected for psychological response (Tampa Scale Kinesiophobia; Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury), perceived knee function (International Knee Documentation Committee subjective form [IKDC]), and quality of life (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; Veteran Rand-12). Isokinetic, concentric knee extension strength was measured bilaterally with a multimodal dynamometer (System 4, Biodex Medical Systems) at a speed of 90\u00b0 and 180\u00b0\/s.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Competitive athletes had significantly higher scores for IKDC (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.03), and quadriceps peak torque at 90\u00b0\/s (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01) and 180\u00b0\/s (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01) compared with recreational athletes. Competitive athletes had higher quadriceps strength at 90\u00b0\/s (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01) and 180\u00b0\/s (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02) in the late group. Recreational athletes displayed higher sports participation in the late group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Outcomes of ACLR may differ based on preinjury athletic level. Whereas competitive athletes had higher knee and muscle function than recreational athletes, psychological measures were not different among groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a need for more individualized care for patients with ACLR since there is variability among patient goals postsurgery. This information might help set realistic expectations for competitive and recreational athletes after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381241249413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T01:48:26Z","timestamp":1715564906000},"page":"272-280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["How Does Physical and Psychological Recovery Vary Among Competitive and Recreational Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mandeep","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Professions, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terese L.","family":"Chmielewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TRIA Orthopedic Center, Bloomington, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Saliba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738115578131"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.otsm.2015.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093398"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513489284"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2010.076364"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"2","article-title":"Rehabilitation for patients following ACL reconstruction: a knee symmetry model","volume":"4","author":"Biggs A","year":"2009","unstructured":"Biggs A, Jenkins WL, Urch SE, Shelbourne KD. Rehabilitation for patients following ACL reconstruction: a knee symmetry model. N Am J Sports Phys Ther. 2009;4(1):2-12.","journal-title":"N Am J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2009.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1593875"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-017-9426-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967116638341"},{"issue":"0","key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","article-title":"Measures of knee function: International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation Form, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Physical Function Short Form (KOOS-PS), Knee Outcome Survey Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADL), Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale, Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Activity Rating Scale (ARS), and Tegner Activity Score (TAS)","volume":"63","author":"Collins NJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"Collins NJ, Misra D, Felson DT, Crossley KM, Roos EM. Measures of knee function: International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation Form, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Physical Function Short Form (KOOS-PS), Knee Outcome Survey Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADL), Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale, Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Activity Rating Scale (ARS), and Tegner Activity Score (TAS). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63 Suppl 11(0 11):S208-S228.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120969425"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2013.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509354163"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2018.8264"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738116666813"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-019-1217-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465010290051301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120975751"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200209000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517714472"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967116674714"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-1-64"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000560"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-008-9418-2"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","first-page":"125","article-title":"Performance motivation of elite athletes, recreational athletes and non-athletes","volume":"57","author":"\u0160mela P","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u0160mela P, Pa\u010desov\u00e1 P, Kra\u010dek S, H\u00e1jovsk\u00fd D. Performance motivation of elite athletes, recreational athletes and non-athletes. 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