{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:48:45Z","timestamp":1777877325428,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mental health disorders are linked to prolonged concussion symptoms. However, the association of premorbid anxiety\/depression symptoms with postconcussion return-to-play timelines and total symptom burden is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the association of self-reported premorbid anxiety\/depression symptoms in collegiate student-athletes with (1) recovery times until asymptomatic, (2) return-to-play, and (3) postconcussion symptom burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Athletes in the Concussion Assessment, Research and Education Consortium completed baseline concussion assessments (Sport Concussion Assessment Tool [SCAT3] and Brief Symptom Inventory-18 [BSI-18]). Athletes were tested postinjury at &lt;6 hours, 24 to 48 hours, time of asymptomatic and start of return-to-play protocol, unrestricted return-to-play, and 6 months after injury. Injured athletes were categorized into 4 groups based on BSI-18 scores: (1) B-ANX, elevated anxiety symptoms only; (2) B-DEP, elevated depression symptoms only; (3) B-ANX&amp;DEP, elevated anxiety and depression symptoms; and (4) B-NEITHER, no elevated anxiety or depression symptoms. Relationship between age, sex, BSI-18 group, SCAT3 total symptom and severity scores, and time to asymptomatic status and return-to-play was assessed with Pearson\u2019s chi-squared test and robust analysis of variance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 1329 athletes with 1352 concussions, no respondents had a self-reported premorbid diagnosis of anxiety\/depression. There was no difference in time until asymptomatic or time until return-to-play between BSI-18 groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.15 and\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.11, respectively). B-ANX, B-DEP, and B-ANX&amp;DEP groups did not have higher total symptom or severity scores postinjury compared with the B-NEITHER group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline anxiety\/depression symptoms in collegiate student-athletes without a mental health diagnosis are not associated with longer recovery times until asymptomatic, longer time to return-to-play, or higher postconcussion total symptom and severity scores compared with athletes without baseline symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anxiety and depression symptoms without a clear mental health diagnosis should be considered differently from other comorbidities when discussing prolonged recovery in collegiate student-athletes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381241255308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T00:26:51Z","timestamp":1717547211000},"page":"498-511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of Premorbid Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Concussion Recovery in Collegiate Student-Athletes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sabrina P.","family":"Sawlani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA Division of Sports Medicine, Departments of Family Medicine and Orthopaedics, Los Angeles, California, and UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua T.","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA Division of Sports Medicine, Departments of Family Medicine and 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