{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:48:53Z","timestamp":1777877333816,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]],"date-time":"2024-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726358400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014717","name":"national outstanding youth science fund project of national natural science foundation of china","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82004458"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82004458"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014717","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Central Funds Guiding the Local Science and Technology Development General Program of Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["2021ZYD0078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZYD0078"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Cultivation Project of The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University","award":["2022-CXTD-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-CXTD-08"]}]},{"name":"Supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2022YFS0609"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFS0609"]}]},{"name":"General Project of Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Special Project","award":["2023MS248"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023MS248"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite growing applications of backward walking (BW) in assessing and rehabilitating neuromuscular conditions, its effects on gait in chronic ankle instability (CAI) remain unclear. Moreover, linking patient-reported and clinically generated measures is imperative for understanding CAI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypotheses:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with CAI will exhibit worse and compensatory spatio-temporal and kinetic gait parameters during BW, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) will be correlated significantly with gait parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case-control study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level 4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 46 volunteers participated (23 per group). Patients filled out scales for pain, functions, and fear-avoidance beliefs before testing. All participants walked 6 times each in both forward and backward conditions, and gait was recorded using the Win-Track system. A 2-way mixed analysis of variance was performed to compare gait parameters. The relationship between PRO and gait outcomes was assessed through the Pearson product correlation coefficient.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The CAI group demonstrated prolonged support and swing phases, increased walk-off angle, and plantar pressure area, but decreased step length and plantar pressure versus controls (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). The CAI group had a smaller right walk-off angle during BW than FW; the control group showed the opposite (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). The left single stance duration was greater in the CAI group, while the right was not (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). PRO correlated significantly with gait parameters, particularly spatial parameters (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The CAI group exhibited worse gait parameters during BW. The CAI group exhibited a characteristic compensatory gait pattern. Linking the self-reported scores provides a better representation of gait changes in CAI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results suggest that BW may be an effective strategy for identifying and evaluating CAI. It may be feasible to apply BW to the rehabilitation of CAI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381241277804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T07:25:17Z","timestamp":1726557917000},"page":"815-823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Gait Characteristics and Deviation Factors of Backward Walking in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China"},{"name":"Center for Orthopedic Diseases Research, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China"},{"name":"Luzhou Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disorders, Luzhou, China, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China"},{"name":"Center for Orthopedic Diseases Research, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China"},{"name":"Luzhou Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disorders, Luzhou, China, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junyao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haopeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rao","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Houyin","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China"},{"name":"Center for Orthopedic Diseases Research, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China"},{"name":"Luzhou Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disorders, Luzhou, China, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoyou","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China"},{"name":"Center for Orthopedic Diseases Research, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China"},{"name":"Luzhou Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Disorders, Luzhou, China, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03512-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68385-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","article-title":"The efficacy of backward walking on static stability, proprioception, pain, and physical function of patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"2021","author":"Chen Z","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen Z, Ye X, Wang Y, et al. 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