{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T15:32:02Z","timestamp":1789399922578,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000871","name":"Mayo Clinic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cumulative effect of repetitive subconcussive head impacts on neurocognitive function during youth contact sports remains largely unknown. There is a paucity of literature evaluating cumulative helmet forces over a season and their correlation with preseason and postseason cognitive performance tasks such as the King-Devick test (KDT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher helmet forces recorded throughout a 10-week, 10-game youth football season would correlate with slower performance on postseason KDT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cohort of 58 youth football players (ages 9-13 years) underwent pre- and postseason KDT. Players wore SpeedFlex helmets (Riddell) fitted with InSite Impact Response System helmet accelerometers (Riddell) which recorded impacts of \u226515\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">g<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Head impacts were tallied over a season and assigned a score of 1, 2, or 3 based on magnitude of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">g<\/jats:italic>\n                      forces. Suspected concussions were correlated with KDT times and recorded instances of head impact. Pre- and postseason KDT scores were compared.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the season, 2013 head impacts were recorded. Median (range) total cumulative force score was 24 (5-476); 6 players sustained head impacts concerning for concussion, and 4 were clinically diagnosed with concussions. Overall, postseason KDT times improved compared with preseason, with a median (range) change of \u22124.8 seconds (\u22127.6, \u22121.1). Analysis showed no correlation between changes in KDT time and total cumulative force score over the season.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>KDT times in youth football players did not change significantly based on head impact exposure over a single youth football season; most players\u2019 KDT times improved from preseason to postseason.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although our study did not show significant cognitive impact as measured by KDT over a single youth football season, the long-term effects of concussion on the immature brain and how it can impact cognitive development remains largely unknown and should be an area of ongoing study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381241309956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T01:52:33Z","timestamp":1737424353000},"page":"657-665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Correlation of King-Devick Test and Helmet Impact Exposures Over a Youth Football Season"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6293-0647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer R.","family":"Maynard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Division of Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8728-0425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey P.","family":"Nadwodny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irvin S.","family":"Haak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7160-5142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina F.","family":"DeMatas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Division of Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8291-0881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raul A.","family":"Rosario-Concepcion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Division of Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LaRae","family":"Seemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5453-4046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George G.A.","family":"Pujalte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Division of Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12628"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-022-03025-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2012.654590"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-012-3192-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2021.1966008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.5.PEDS17185"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.30"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-013-0867-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-014-0355-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543066003227"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2011.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-012-0530-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4027872"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1529100612453266"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-106849"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097506"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/cnc.15.8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000226"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000670"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100338"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2018.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967115594578"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.7.PEDS1684"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117162"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.12.PEDS15605"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2014.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2014.12.005"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","first-page":"70","article-title":"The King-Devick test as a concussion screening tool administered by sports parents","volume":"54","author":"Leong DF","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leong DF, Balcer LJ, Galetta SL, Liu Z, Master CL. The King-Devick test as a concussion screening tool administered by sports parents. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2014;54(1):70-77.","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2008.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097791"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-52.1.14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073813509887"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050.52.2.05"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-106898"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967116686784"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","unstructured":"Pop Warner Football. Rule changes regarding practice and concussion prevention. https:\/\/www.popwarner.com\/Default.aspx?tabid=1476227. Accessed November 16 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/50780-v"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.345"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000249286.92255.7F"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1512"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","unstructured":"USA Football. National Practice Guidelines for Youth Football. https:\/\/guides.usafootball.com\/5593\/51790\/index.html. Accessed October 14 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2019.10.076"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2013.11.036"}],"container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/19417381241309956","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/19417381241309956","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/19417381241309956","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:48:51Z","timestamp":1777589331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/19417381241309956"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/19417381241309956"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/19417381241309956","relation":{},"ISSN":["1941-7381","1941-0921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1941-7381","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-0921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]}}}