{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T02:37:42Z","timestamp":1794278262859,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute caffeine ingestion can improve exercise performance. Interplay between caffeine habituation and training status on the performance-enhancing effect of caffeine is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Habitual caffeine consumption and training status affect the ergogenicity of pre-exercise caffeine intake on exercise performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced experimental design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty physically inactive men were randomized into 1 of 4 groups: caffeine supplementation (CAF), caffeine supplementation + exercise training (CAFEXE), placebo (PLA), and placebo + exercise training (PLAEXE); high-intensity interval training and caffeine were administered for 9 and 8 weeks, respectively. Data were collected pre-test, mid-test, post-test, and delayed post-test, each including 2 experiment sessions (3 mg\/kg caffeine or placebo), with an additional experiment session post-test (6 mg\/kg caffeine). In each experiment session, 45-min after consuming a placebo or caffeine, a 3-km running test and a Wingate power test were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pre-exercise ingestion of 3 mg\/kg caffeine improved 3-km running time and mean power output (MPO) in all groups at all stages (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05); this effect was higher in trained than in untrained volunteers (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Habitual caffeine consumption reduced the ergogenic effect of caffeine in both aerobic and anaerobic trials (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05); 6 mg\/kg caffeine enhanced this decrease only in CAFEXE (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Short-term caffeine withdrawal augmented the reduced ergogenic effect of caffeine on 3-km running performance and MPO in CAF and CAFEXE (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Habituation to caffeine and training status could partially influence the ergogenic effects of caffeine on exercise performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Regular caffeine consumption leads to some degree of tolerance and decreases its ergogenicity. A pre-exercise increase in caffeine dosage in trained people and short-term caffeine withdrawal in both trained and untrained people could compensate for the reduced caffeine ergogenicity in young men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381251315093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T00:15:57Z","timestamp":1738714557000},"page":"930-941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Habitual Caffeine Consumption and Training Status Affect the Ergogenicity of Acute Caffeine Intake on Exercise Performance"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0546-6515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davar","family":"Khodadadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0610-855X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farhad","family":"Azimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdorreza","family":"Eghbal Moghanlou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Coaching Education, Istanbul Esenyurt University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8779-598X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Recep","family":"Gursoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1727-4596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah","family":"Demirli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3661-3995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parham","family":"Jalali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Islamic Azad University West Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran, and Wellness Sport and Health Program, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0437-4571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Behdari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Islamic Azad University West Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Seyedheydari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020286"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-022-02955-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00489.2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2012.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181ddf6db"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2016.1241421"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00187.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8100639"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2324-9080.1000217"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0029-x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"58","article-title":"Development of a tool to assess the caffeine intake among teenagers and young adults","volume":"61","author":"B\u00fchler E","year":"2014","unstructured":"B\u00fchler E, Lachenmeier DW, Schlegel K, Winkler G. 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