{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T19:26:03Z","timestamp":1787599563004,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Chronic ankle instability (CAI) can induce contralateral limb deficits, influencing interlimb asymmetry during athletic tasks. Understanding the magnitude, direction, and individual thresholds of these asymmetries is critical for effective rehabilitation and performance monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n CAI-induced contralateral limb deficits significantly influence the magnitude and direction of interlimb asymmetry in jumping and change-of-direction-speed (CODS) tasks.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n Level 3.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Male elite soccer players with (n\u2009=\u200932) and without (n\u2009=\u200938) CAI performed single-leg hop (SLH), single-leg triple hop, modified-505 (Mod505), and 90\u00b0-changes-of-direction tests.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Paired-sample\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009tests revealed small-to-moderate differences between dominant and nondominant limbs in both groups (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05), moderate-to-large differences between injured and contralateral uninjured limbs (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05), large differences between injured and matched limbs of healthy players (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05), and small nonsignificant differences between contralateral uninjured and matched limbs of healthy players (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009>\u20090.05). Independent-sample\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009test revealed asymmetries were significantly higher in all tests (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05) except for SLH (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009>\u20090.05) in players with CAI. Kappa coef\ufb01cient showed substantial-to-perfect agreements for players with CAI (\u03ba\u2009=\u20090.71-1.00), and moderate-to-substantial agreements for healthy players (\u03ba\u2009=\u20090.51-0.73), indicating asymmetries favored same limb. Agreement percentages for similar identifications of asymmetry patterns based on individual thresholds derived from intralimb variability revealed that injured players adopted similar patterns in CODS (81.25%), while healthy players adopted similar patterns between SLH and mod505 (76.32%).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n CAI-induced contralateral limb deficits influenced magnitude and direction of asymmetry, potentially underestimating asymmetry. Asymmetry consistently favors the same limb due to injury and functional similarities; thresholds derived from intralimb variability identify real asymmetry.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n These findings highlight the importance of considering contralateral limb deficits when interpreting interlimb asymmetries in players with CAI. Rehabilitation programs should address these deficits to optimize performance and reduce injury risk.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381251398562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T06:27:59Z","timestamp":1771396079000},"page":"1102-1113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interlimb Asymmetry in Elite Soccer Players During Jumping and Change-of-Direction Tasks: Emphasizing Chronic Ankle Instability-Induced Contralateral Limb Deficit"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Ziaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Bishop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Technology, London Sport Institute, Middlesex University at Stone-X Stadium, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamed","family":"Esmaeili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vahid","family":"Zolaktaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arboix-Ali\u00f3 J Bishop C Benet A Aguilera-Castells J Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe A. Assessing the magnitude and direction of asymmetry in unilateral jump and change of direction speed tasks in youth female team-sport athletes. J Hum Kinet. 2021;79(1):15-27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/hukin-2021-0061","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2021-0061"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banyard HG Nosaka K Haff GG. Reliability and validity of the load-velocity relationship to predict the 1RM back squat. J\u2009Strength\u2009Cond Res. 2017;31(7):1897-1904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/jsc.0000000000001657","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001657"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"376","article-title":"Predictive factors for lateral ankle sprains: a literature review","volume":"37","author":"Beynnon BD","year":"2002","unstructured":"Beynnon BD, Murphy DF, Alosa DM. Predictive factors for lateral ankle sprains: a literature review. J Athl Train. 2002;37(4):376.","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bishop C. Interlimb asymmetries: are thresholds a usable concept? Strength\u2009Cond J. 2021;43(1):32-36. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000554","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000554"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bishop C Brashill C Abbott W Read P Lake J Turner A. Jumping asymmetries are associated with speed change of direction speed and jump performance in elite academy soccer players. J\u2009Strength\u2009Cond Res. 2021;35(7):1841-1847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/jsc.0000000000003058","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003058"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bishop C Coratella G Beato M. Intra-and inter-limb strength asymmetry in soccer: a comparison of professional and under-18 players. Sports (Basel). 2021;9(9):129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sports9090129","DOI":"10.3390\/sports9090129"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bishop C Lake J Loturco I Papadopoulos K Turner A Read P. Interlimb asymmetries: the need for an individual approach to data analysis. J\u2009Strength\u2009Cond Res. 2021;35(3):695-701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/jsc.0000000000002729","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002729"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bishop C Pereira LA Reis VP Read P Turner AN Loturco I. Comparing the magnitude and direction of asymmetry during the squat countermovement and drop jump tests in elite youth female soccer players. J\u2009Sports\u2009Sci. 2020;38(11-12):1296-1303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640414.2019.1649525","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2019.1649525"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bishop C Read P Bromley T et al. The association between interlimb asymmetry and athletic performance tasks: a season-long study in elite academy soccer players. J\u2009Strength\u2009Cond Res. 2022;36(3):787-795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/jsc.0000000000003526","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003526"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bishop C Read P Chavda S et al. Magnitude or direction? Seasonal variation of interlimb asymmetry in elite academy soccer players. J\u2009Strength\u2009Cond Res. 2022;36(4):1031-1037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/jsc.0000000000003565","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003565"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bishop C Read P Lake J et al. Unilateral isometric squat: test reliability interlimb asymmetries and relationships with limb dominance. J Strength Cond Res. 2021;35(Suppl 1):S144-S151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/jsc.0000000000003079","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003079"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bishop C Read P McCubbine J Turner A. Vertical and horizontal asymmetries are related to slower sprinting and jump performance in elite youth female soccer players. J\u2009Strength\u2009Cond Res. 2021;35(1):56-63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/jsc.0000000000002544","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002544"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bishop C Turner A Maloney S Lake J Loturco I Bromley T. Drop jump asymmetry is associated with reduced sprint and change-of-direction speed performance in adult female soccer players. Sports (Basel). 2019;7(1):29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sports7010029","DOI":"10.3390\/sports7010029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bishop C Turner A Read P. Effects of inter-limb asymmetries on physical and sports performance: a systematic review. J\u2009Sports\u2009Sci. 2018;36(10):1135-1144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640414.2017.1361894","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2017.1361894"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clemente FM Gonz\u00e1lez-Fern\u00e1ndez FT Garc\u00eda-Delgado G et al. Leg dominance and performance in change of directions tests in young soccer players. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):12900. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-17245-5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-17245-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen J. A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educ Psychol Meas. 1960;20(1):37-46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/001316446002000104","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dos\u2019Santos T Thomas C Jones PA Comfort P. Asymmetries in single and triple hop are not detrimental to change of direction speed. J Trainol. 2017;6(2):35-41. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.17338\/trainology.6.2_35","DOI":"10.17338\/trainology.6.2_35"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe A Bishop C Busc\u00e0 B Aguilera-Castells J Vicens-Bordas J Gonzalo-Skok O. Inter-limb asymmetries are associated with decrements in physical performance in youth elite team sports athletes. PLoS One. 2020;15(3):e0229440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0229440","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229440"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe A Mil\u00e0-Villarroel R Pujol-Marzo M Arboix-Ali\u00f3 J Bishop C. Higher vertical jumping asymmetries and lower physical performance are indicators of increased injury incidence in youth team-sport athletes. J\u2009Strength\u2009Cond Res. 2022;36(8):2204-2211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/jsc.0000000000003828","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003828"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe A Montalvo AM Sitj\u00e0-Rabert M Kiefer AW Myer GD. Neuromuscular asymmetries in the lower limbs of elite female youth basketball players and the application of the skillful limb model of comparison. Phys Ther Sport. 2015;16(4):317-323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ptsp.2015.01.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2015.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fousekis K Tsepis E Vagenas G. Intrinsic risk factors of noncontact ankle sprains in soccer: a prospective study on 100 professional players. Am J\u2009Sports\u2009Med. 2012;40(8):1842-1850. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546512449602","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512449602"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gribble PA Delahunt E Bleakley C et al. Selection criteria for patients with chronic ankle instability in controlled research: a position statement of the International Ankle Consortium. J Orthop\u2009Sports\u2009Phys Ther. 2013;43(8):585-591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2519\/jospt.2013.0303","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2013.0303"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gribble PA Robinson RH. An examination of ankle knee and hip torque production in individuals with chronic ankle instability. J\u2009Strength\u2009Cond Res. 2009;23(2):395-400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/jsc.0b013e31818efbb2","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31818efbb2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hart LM Cohen DD Patterson SD Springham M Reynolds J Read P. Previous injury is associated with heightened countermovement jump force-time asymmetries in professional soccer players. Transl\u2009Sports\u2009Med. 2019;2(5):256-262. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/tsm2.92","DOI":"10.1002\/tsm2.92"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hertel J Corbett RO. An updated model of chronic ankle instability. J Athl Train. 2019;54(6):572-588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-344-18","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-344-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hiemstra LA Webber S MacDonald PB Kriellaars DJ. Contralateral limb strength deficits after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a hamstring tendon graft. Clin Biomech. 2007;22(5):543-550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2007.01.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2007.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hopkins W Marshall S Batterham A Hanin J. Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(1):3-13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/mss.0b013e31818cb278","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31818cb278"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Junge A Dvorak J. Soccer injuries: a review on incidence and prevention. Sports Med. 2004;34(13):929-938. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-200434130-00004","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200434130-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koo TK Li MY. A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. J Chiropr Med. 2016;15(2):155-163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lockie RG Callaghan SJ Berry SP et al. Relationship between unilateral jumping ability and asymmetry on multidirectional speed in team-sport athletes. J\u2009Strength\u2009Cond Res. 2014;28(12):3557-3566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/jsc.0000000000000588","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000588"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lockie RG Schultz AB Jeffriess MD Callaghan SJ. The relationship between bilateral differences of knee flexor and extensor isokinetic strength and multi-directional speed. Isokinet Exerc Sci. 2012;20(3):211-219. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3233\/IES-2012-0461","DOI":"10.3233\/IES-2012-0461"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madruga-Parera M Bishop C Beato M Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe A Gonzalo-Skok O Romero-Rodr\u00edguez D. Relationship between interlimb asymmetries and speed and change of direction speed in youth handball players. Strength\u2009Cond Res. 2021;35(12):3482-3490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/jsc.0000000000003328","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003328"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madruga-Parera M Dos\u2019Santos T Bishop C et al. Assessing inter-limb asymmetries in soccer players: magnitude direction and association with performance. J Hum Kinet. 2021;79(1):41-53. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/hukin-2021-0081","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2021-0081"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madsen LP Hall EA Docherty CL. Assessing outcomes in people with chronic ankle instability: the ability of functional performance tests to measure deficits in physical function and perceived instability. J Orthop\u2009Sports\u2009Phys Ther. 2018;48(5):372-380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2519\/jospt.2018.7514","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2018.7514"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maloney SJ. The relationship between asymmetry and athletic performance: a critical review. J Strength Cond Res. 2019;33(9):2579-2593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/jsc.0000000000002608","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002608"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moreno-Azze A Arjol-Serrano JL Falc\u00f3n-Miguel D Bishop C Gonzalo-Skok O. Effects of three different combined training interventions on jump change of direction power performance and inter-limb asymmetry in male youth soccer players. Sports (Basel). 2021;9(12):158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sports9120158","DOI":"10.3390\/sports9120158"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pardos-Mainer E Bishop C Gonzalo-Skok O Nobari H P\u00e9rez-G\u00f3mez J Lozano D. Associations between inter-limb asymmetries in jump and change of direction speed tests and physical performance in adolescent female soccer players. Int J Environ Res\u2009Public Health. 2021;18(7):3474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18073474","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18073474"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma N Sharma A Sandhu JS. Functional performance testing in athletes with functional ankle instability. Asian J.\u2009Sports Med. 2011;2(4):249-258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/asjsm.34741","DOI":"10.5812\/asjsm.34741"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turner A Brazier J Bishop C Chavda S Cree J Read P. Data analysis for strength and conditioning coaches: using excel to analyze reliability differences and relationships. Strength Cond\u2009J. 2015;37(1):76-83. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000113","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vereijken A van Trijffel E Aerts I Tassignon B Verschueren J Meeusen R. The non-injured leg can be used as a reference for the injured leg in single-legged hop tests. Int J\u2009Sports\u2009Phys Ther. 2021;16(4):1052-1066. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26603\/001c.25758","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.25758"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","first-page":"360","article-title":"Understanding interobserver agreement: the kappa statistic","volume":"37","author":"Viera AJ","year":"2005","unstructured":"Viera AJ, Garrett JM. Understanding interobserver agreement: the kappa statistic. Fam med. 2005;37(5):360-363.","journal-title":"Fam med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Virgile A Bishop C. A narrative review of limb dominance: task specificity and the importance of fitness testing. Strength\u2009Cond Res. 2021;35(3):846-858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/jsc.0000000000003851","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003851"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","unstructured":"Ziaei M Zolaktaf V Esmaeili H. Assessing functional strength asymmetry and change of direction speed in soccer players with chronic ankle instability. Stud Sport Med. 2024;16(40):109-124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22089\/smj.2024.15975.1726"}],"container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/19417381251398562","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/19417381251398562","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/19417381251398562","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T19:08:25Z","timestamp":1787598505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/19417381251398562"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/19417381251398562"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/19417381251398562","relation":{},"ISSN":["1941-7381","1941-0921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1941-7381","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-0921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]}}}