{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T17:35:27Z","timestamp":1793036127867,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020506","name":"american medical society for sports medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Foundation Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Foundation Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020506","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Emory Orthopedics","award":["Intramural Seed Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Intramural Seed Grant"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Researchers have examined associations between sport specialization and injury. However, no studies have investigated associations between sport specialization and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among injured youth athletes, level of sport specialization is not associated with differences in HRQoL approximately 1 month after sport-related injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level 4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multicenter, cross-sectional study was performed at 3 primary care sports medicine clinics. Eligible 8- to 18-year-old athletes who presented for musculoskeletal injury or concussion were enrolled. At the initial clinic visit, patients completed the Player Development Survey (PDS) to determine sport specialization level. Approximately 1 month after enrollment, patients completed the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) to determine HRQoL measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 720 athletes invited to participate, 336 (age, 14.2 \u00b1 2.4 years) completed the PDS and PROMIS surveys; 22% were highly specialized, 39% were moderately specialized, and 39% were low specialized athletes. Overall, there were no differences in HRQoL scores across the 3 levels of sport specialization. In subgroup analysis based on sex, female HRQoL scores were worse than male HRQoL scores irrespective of sport specialization level in 3 categories: pain interference (mean difference between female and male scores [\u00b1 SEM] = 2.3 \u00b1 1.1;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.04), depression\/sadness (2.9 \u00b1 1.1;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01), and anxiety\/fear (2.8 \u00b1 1.2;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher level of sport specialization is not associated with worse HRQoL approximately 1 month after sport-related injury. Female athletes have worse short-term HRQoL after an injury irrespective of sport specialization level. While sex differences were statistically significant, the magnitude of differences was small.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sport specialization is not associated with differences in HRQoL after injury. Injured female athletes may need closer monitoring due to possibly worse short-term HRQoL, but further investigation is needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381251410544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T05:00:21Z","timestamp":1770094821000},"page":"1338-1345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relationship Between Sport Specialization and Short-Term Health-Related Quality of Life in Youth Athletes After Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0781-902X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Stover","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ann and Robert H. 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