{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T13:14:33Z","timestamp":1783257273760,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00447\/2020 (unit 447)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00447\/2020 (unit 447)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low-load bloodflow-restricted (BFR) resistance training (LLBFR-RT) has been shown to elicit muscular hypertrophy comparable with high-load resistance training (HL-RT). We aimed to explore the differential impact of LLBFR-RT and HL-RT on hypertrophy of the triceps surae.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LLBFR-RT would be more effective than HL-RT for soleus muscle hypertrophy. In addition, it was hypothesized that HL-RT would be more effective than LLBFR-RT for the hypertrophy of both gastrocnemii.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An active controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level 2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 28 healthy adults were assigned randomly to 2 unilateral plantar-flexion training regimens: HL-RT (75% of 1-repetition maximum [1RM], 4 sets, 10 repetitions) and LLBFR-RT (20% of 1RM, 4 sets, 30+15+15+15 repetitions). Maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC), 1RM, and panoramic ultrasound assessments of the triceps surae were obtained pre- as well and post-4\u2009weeks of intervention (5 sessions per week).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MVIC and 1RM improved statistically from pre- to post-training (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), and this occurred similarly between interventions (gains of ~20% to 30%). Both regimens were similarly effective for the hypertrophy of the soleus muscle (gains of ~12% to 15%). Conversely, the lateral gastrocnemius only responded to HL-RT (gains of ~12%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 vs 4% with LLBFR-RT), and the medial gastrocnemius did not manifest statistical changes with either training regimen.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HL-RT is more effective for eliciting size gains in the lateral gastrocnemius (muscle with a mixed fiber type composition) over a period of high-frequency training. The soleus (muscle with predominant oxidative fibers) adapts to both training regimens in a similar fashion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High-frequency plantar-flexion exercise with HL-RT (5 days per week) is preferable to LLBFR-RT when aiming to elicit plantar-flexor strength gains accompanied by more comprehensive hypertrophy of the triceps surae muscle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381261459244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T10:35:16Z","timestamp":1783074916000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adaptation of Muscles With Different Physiological Properties to Resistance Training With and Without Bloodflow Restriction"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6162-3951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida","family":"Cidrais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Teod\u00f3sio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3433-1321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana M.","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher School of Sport, Wellbeing and Biomedical Systems, Polytechnic University of C\u00e1vado and Ave, Barcelos, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3891-357X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Vila-Ch\u00e3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher School of Sport, Wellbeing and Biomedical Systems, Polytechnic University of C\u00e1vado and Ave, Barcelos, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6154-5563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Pezarat-Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica, Monte de Caparica, Almada, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8835-7316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula M.","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz 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