{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T04:10:51Z","timestamp":1788667851172,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"national institutes of health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AR067997"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AR067997"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neuromuscular training (NMT) improves biomechanical risk factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury yet has failed to abate increasing ACL injury rates at scale. This study assessed sport-specific sensorimotor adaptations resulting from a NMT protocol with additive real-time sensorimotor augmented biofeedback (augmented NMT [aNMT] or sham aNMT) in a standardized drop vertical jump (DVJ) task and in ecologically valid sport-specific tasks performed in a simulated virtual reality (VR) environment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both training groups will display beneficial biomechanical changes in the standard DVJ, but aNMT will have greater transfer to the VR sport-specific scenario. Biomechanical improvements in DVJ will vary by sport, while improvements in VR sport-specific scenarios will not vary by sport.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective longitudinal randomized placebo-controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level 1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 271 adolescent female soccer, basketball, and volleyball athletes performed 6\u2009weeks of preseason NMT with additive aNMT or sham aNMT. Three-dimensional biomechanics were assessed at pre-\/post-training that included DVJs and sport-specific VR tasks. Pre-\/post-training standardized delta scores for both tasks were computed for hip and knee angles and external joint moments. Hierarchical clustering and chi-square analyses (omnibus and within each sport) assessed sport by intervention interactions for biomechanical transfer to both tasks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hierarchical clustering identified 3 DVJ clusters, 2 of which (N\u2009=\u2009243) demonstrated beneficial pre-\/post-training changes. A small proportion (10%) of athletes classified in a maladaptive cluster that consisted predominantly of aNMT participants, while sham aNMT made up a greater proportion of a beneficial adaptive cluster (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20096.06;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05). For the sport-specific VR task, 2 statistical clusters were identified, both characterized primarily by improved hip flexion angles regardless of sport.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Beneficial effects of aNMT and sham aNMT on the DVJ were observed in most participants, with aNMT accounting for a greater proportion of players exhibiting maladaptive DVJ changes. VR scenarios revealed consistently beneficial changes in landing biomechanics in all participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sport-specific VR tasks may assess more nuanced levels of movement complexity than traditional laboratory-based tasks and provide a complementary approach to evaluate biomechanical adaptations resulting from NMT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381261476462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T12:01:56Z","timestamp":1788436916000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sport-Specific Virtual Reality Tasks Reveal Distinct Patterns of Biomechanical Adaptation Compared With the Drop Vertical Jump"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1477-9428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Hogg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Tennessee Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Bonnette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Riehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Sports Performance And Research Center [SPARC], Flowery Branch, Georgia"},{"name":"Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Staci","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2146-052X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manish","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory SPARC, Flowery Branch, Georgia"},{"name":"Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6576-4904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher A.","family":"DiCesare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biocore LLC, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9803-7431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim D.","family":"Barber Foss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory SPARC, Flowery Branch, Georgia; Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3835-363X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jed A.","family":"Diekfuss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory SPARC, Flowery Branch, Georgia"},{"name":"Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Beasley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Schille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory SPARC, Flowery Branch, Georgia, Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dustin","family":"van der Haar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6102-8224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dustin R.","family":"Grooms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute and the Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio"},{"name":"Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute and The Department of Athletic Training, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute and the Department of Athletic Training, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6262-2054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophia","family":"Ulman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Movement Science, Scottish Rite for Children, Frisco, Texas"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Danilkowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory D.","family":"Myer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Human Performance Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA Wallace H. 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