{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T06:04:47Z","timestamp":1789365887399,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The existing literature provides inconsistent information regarding the effects of Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) on hamstring muscle stiffness after both acute and chronic training periods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To systematically review the acute and long-term training effects of NHE on hamstring muscle stiffness in healthy people and athletes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the Embase, Medline, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science databases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Selection:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 459 unique records were screened, and 17 articles were selected for full-text evaluation based on the following inclusion criteria: implementation of NHE, reporting of pre- and postintervention hamstring stiffness outcomes in either acute or long-term training contexts, and inclusion of healthy people and athletes. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using a modified version of Downs and Black\u2019s quality assessment tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review and meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level 2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Extraction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Training dosage and hamstring stiffness were extracted for the acute and long-term effects of NHE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 12 studies were included in the final analysis, comprising 6 on acute effects and 6 on long-term training effects. Of the 12 studies, 10 were rated as high quality and 2 as low quality. The evidence indicated that NHE acutely increases hamstring stiffness after training. However, no significant changes in hamstring stiffness were observed between the intervention and control groups after 6 to 10 weeks of training, with a mean difference of \u22122.25 (95% CI, \u22125.13 to 0.63) and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.13 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 80%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A single NHE session produces a transient increase in the hamstring muscle stiffness. However, longitudinal training programs incorporating NHE do not result in significant stiffness adaptations. Consequently, while a single NHE session may be beneficial for short-term performance enhancement or neuromuscular priming, its efficacy in inducing long-term changes in hamstring stiffness appears limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381261483180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T11:28:05Z","timestamp":1789126085000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acute and Long-term Effects of Nordic Hamstring Exercise Training on Hamstring Muscle Stiffness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Amornthep","family":"Jankaew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Neuro-Musculoskeletal, Chronic Disease, and Aging Research Engagement Center (ICARE Center), Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samatchai","family":"Chamnongkich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Neuro-Musculoskeletal, Chronic Disease, and Aging Research Engagement Center (ICARE Center), Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7149-4034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yih-Kuen","family":"Jan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2466-0156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng-Feng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"},{"name":"Physical Therapy Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2024.100996"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-025-02291-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","volume-title":"Introduction to Meta-Analysis","author":"Borenstein M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Borenstein M, Hedges LV, Higgins JPT, Rothstein HR. Introduction to Meta-Analysis. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley; 2024.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095739"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01925-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002283"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002327"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-021-04839-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15557\/JoU.2024.0034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00307"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381251350688"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-017-2843-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.55757"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01178-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03658-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-020-00486-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-015-3325-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2021.9305"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.52.6.377"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682211003889"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2022-001368"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2022-001523"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13890"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000005184"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-63224-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-194-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2010.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S0022-4707.24.16148-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2021.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7600\/jpfsm.13.67"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003516"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181c865e2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sports9050070"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139272"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2018.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2020-0027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-104936"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095311"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205782"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000966"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2022.0301"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2019-0388"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-014-0579-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.70115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13973"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-29678-2_3687"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12151462"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00744"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-100755"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","article-title":"PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, Moher D, Bossuyt PM, et al. PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n160.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","article-title":"Hamstring muscle architecture and microstructure changes following Nordic hamstring exercise training and detraining","volume":"14","author":"Pai AS","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pai AS, Andrews MH, Gurchiek RD, et al. Hamstring muscle architecture and microstructure changes following Nordic hamstring exercise training and detraining. J Sport Health Sci. 2025;14:101070.","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2024.2402163"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","article-title":"Acute fatigue-induced alterations in hamstring muscle properties after repeated Nordic hamstring exercises","volume":"107","author":"Podczarska-G\u0142owacka M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Podczarska-G\u0142owacka M, Bogda\u0144ski B, Trybulski R, Smoter M, Wang H-K, Klich S. Acute fatigue-induced alterations in hamstring muscle properties after repeated Nordic hamstring exercises. Sci Prog. 2024;107(2):368504241242934.","journal-title":"Sci Prog"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01487-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.00333.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111260"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61081486"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2024.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-017-3583-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2017160116"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10538127251326736"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13856"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26603\/ijspt20170718"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100045"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2024.1396361"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2021.1933350"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk6010018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ejtm.2022.10567"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510370197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14248677"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00770.2011"}],"container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/19417381261483180","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/19417381261483180","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/19417381261483180","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T05:46:48Z","timestamp":1789364808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/19417381261483180"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"references-count":74,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/19417381261483180"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/19417381261483180","relation":{},"ISSN":["1941-7381","1941-0921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1941-7381","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-0921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"article-number":"19417381261483180"}}