{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:03:18Z","timestamp":1790269398283,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020410","name":"t\u00fcrkiye sa\u011fl\u0131k enstit\u00fcleri ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["34050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["34050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic ankle instability (CAI) causes recurrent sprains, reduced proprioception, and impaired postural control, negatively affecting volleyball performance. Stroboscopic glasses-based balance training can enhance sensorimotor control by manipulating visual input.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stroboscopic balance training would produce greater improvements in balance, proprioception, jump performance, and functional outcomes than traditional balance training in female volleyball players with CAI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level 2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 24 female volleyball players with CAI were assigned randomly to a stroboscopic (Group A, n = 10) or a traditional (Group B, n = 14) balance training group. Both performed supervised balance exercises twice weekly for 8 weeks; Group A used Senaptec stroboscopic glasses. Static balance (Performanz Balance System), dynamic balance (Y-balance test [YBT]), jump performance (vertical and single-leg hop), proprioception (joint position sense), and functionality (Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool [CAIT], Foot and Ankle Ability Measure-Sports Subscale [FAAM-S]) were assessed pre- and post-training<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Group A improved in dynamic balance for posterolateral reach (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.67;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) and composite score (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.51;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Group B improved in anterior, posterolateral, and composite scores (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.86-1.20;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05), with no between-group differences (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05). Revealed no significant between-group differences in any YBT parameters. Static balance increased only in Group A (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1.11;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05), with greater gains than Group B (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.60;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Vertical jump improved in both groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.71-0.88;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05), while single-leg hop increased only in Group A (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.65;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Proprioception improved in both groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.68-1.01;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). CAIT rose only in Group A (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.84;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05), showing greater gains than Group B (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.58;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). FAAM-S improved in both (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.80-0.88;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While both programs improved neuromuscular performance, stroboscopic balance training provided additional benefits in static balance and perceived ankle stability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incorporating stroboscopic visual perturbation into rehabilitation may optimize static balance and perceived ankle stability in female volleyball players with CAI.<\/jats:p>\n                  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