{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T11:47:13Z","timestamp":1792324033206,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Monitoring neuromuscular fatigue during resistance training informs load prescription and recovery management. Two common approaches, namely within-training assessment (immediately after each set) and post-training assessment (after session completion), differ in their methodological demands, yet their acute responses and within-session reliability remain insufficiently characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fatigue levels would be influenced by training protocol, value type (maximum vs average), and set number or timepoint, with corresponding differences in within-session reliability.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>Randomized, counterbalanced crossover study.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>Level 2.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>A total of 13 well-trained male athletes completed 3 protocols in randomized order: 5 sets of fixed-repetition squats (Fixed), 5 sets of velocity-loss-threshold-controlled squats (VLT), and a control condition. Countermovement jump (CMJ) height was assessed at baseline, after each set, and at 8 post-training timepoints (5-60 minutes). Fatigue was quantified as the percentage of CMJ height relative to baseline, using both maximum and average values of 2 trials. Within-session reliability was evaluated via coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        For within-training assessment, significant main effects emerged for protocol (\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                        = 0.006), value type (\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                        = 0.031), and set number (\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                        &lt; 0.001), with lower values (greater fatigue) observed when using average values and in the final 2 sets. All protocols demonstrated acceptable within-session reliability (CV \u2264 5.29%, ICC \u2265 0.745). For post-training assessment, time point significantly affected fatigue (\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                        &lt; 0.001), with the lowest values at 30 to 40 minutes. ICC was low during 0 to 15 minutes post-training; acceptable reliability was achieved only with maximum values from 10 minutes onward (CV \u2264 7.29%, ICC \u2265 0.750).\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>Both within-training and post-training fatigue assessments are feasible for monitoring resistance training fatigue, but methodological choices substantially influence measured values and reliability.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>For within-training fatigue monitoring, average values provide greater sensitivity in detecting fatigue; for post-training assessment, maximum values should be used after \u226510 minutes of rest to ensure acceptable reliability.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381261490009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T04:51:16Z","timestamp":1792126276000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Timing Matters: Assessing Fatigue During and After Resistance Training"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5599-0257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaoqian","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penglin","family":"Diao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports Training, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3601-5103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanzhen","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinkai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Wushu School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01359"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00775.2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2016.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-026-02428-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000005026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.139477"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52082\/jssm.2024.34"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2015-0162"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-017-3786-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2020-0629"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14763141.2020.1766102"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"113","article-title":"Within-subject variation, measurement error, and selection of a criterion score","volume":"44","author":"Hetherington R.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Hetherington R. 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