{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:06:47Z","timestamp":1785802007712,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,13]],"date-time":"2015-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1428883200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NASN School Nurse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Significant advancements in vision screening research are leading to improved design, functionality, and reliability of screening tools. Presently, two vision screening approaches are available to school nurses for children ages 3 years and older: optotype-based screening and instrument-based screening. Optotype-based screening pertains to tests of visual acuity using optotypes (e.g., pictures, letters, and numbers), which children identify to determine visual acuity. Instrument-based screening pertains to automated devices that measure amblyogenic risk factors, such as refractive error, media opacities, and eye misalignment. Differences between the two approaches; best and acceptable practice recommendations for both approaches; unacceptable tests of visual acuity; and best, acceptable, and unacceptable occluders are described.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1942602x15581054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,13]],"date-time":"2015-04-13T14:29:28Z","timestamp":1428935368000},"page":"154-160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Vision and Eye Health"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"P. Kay","family":"Nottingham Chaplin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Director, Vision and Eye Health Initiatives for The Good-Lite Company and consultant for School Health Corporation, Elgin, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kira","family":"Baldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director, NCCVEH at Prevent Blindness, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marcus Professor of Pediatric Studies, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1942602X15581054","unstructured":"American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. (2014). AAPOS techniques for pediatric vision screening. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.aapos.org\/\/client_data\/files\/2014\/1075_aapostechniquesforpediatricvisionscreening.pdf"},{"key":"bibr2-1942602X15581054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12086"},{"key":"bibr3-1942602X15581054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.1985.tb04102.x"},{"key":"bibr4-1942602X15581054","first-page":"103","volume":"41","author":"Committee on Vision","year":"1980","journal-title":"Advances in Ophthalmology"},{"key":"bibr5-1942602X15581054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000429"},{"key":"bibr6-1942602X15581054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000444"},{"key":"bibr7-1942602X15581054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller J. M., Lessin H. R., for the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Ophthalmology and Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine; American Academy of Ophthalmology; American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus; and American Association of Certified Orthoptists. (2012). Instrument-based pediatric vision screening policy statement. Pediatrics, 130(5), 983-986. Retrieved from http:\/\/pediatrics.aappublications.org\/content\/130\/5\/983.full.pdf+html.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-2548"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr8-1942602X15581054","first-page":"14","volume":"34","author":"Neely D. E.","year":"2013","journal-title":"AAP News"},{"key":"bibr9-1942602X15581054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1942602X11411094"},{"key":"bibr10-1942602X15581054","unstructured":"Nottingham Chaplin P. K., Marsh-Tootle W., Bradford G. E. (2015). Navigating the path of children\u2019s vision screening: Visual acuity, instruments, & occluders. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.schoolhealth.com\/media\/pdf\/NavigatingVisionScreening.pdf"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr11-1942602X15581054","first-page":"36","volume":"36","author":"Nottingham Chaplin P. K.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exchange"},{"key":"bibr12-1942602X15581054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vision in Preschoolers Study Group. (2007). Children unable to perform screening tests in Vision in Preschoolers Study: Proportion with ocular conditions and impact on measure of test accuracy. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 48(1), 83-87. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.iovs.org\/content\/48\/1\/83.full.pdf+html","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0384"},{"key":"bibr13-1942602X15581054","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2003). Consultation on development of standards for characterization of vision loss and visual functioning. Retrieved from http:\/\/whqlibdoc.who.int\/hq\/2003\/WHO_PBL_03.91.pdf"}],"container-title":["NASN School Nurse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1942602X15581054","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1942602X15581054","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:04:34Z","timestamp":1777590274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1942602X15581054"}},"subtitle":["Moving Into the Digital Age With Instrument-Based Vision Screening"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,13]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1942602X15581054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1942602x15581054","relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-602X","1942-6038"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-602X","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-6038","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,13]]}}}