{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:58:21Z","timestamp":1777877901273,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,7]],"date-time":"2016-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NASN School Nurse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Annually, over 80,000 refugees enter the United States as a result of political or religious persecution. Of these, approximately 35% to 40% are children and adolescents. Refugees are faced with challenges associated with living conditions, cultural and social norms, and socioeconomic status due to problems occurring in their homelands. These challenges include but are not limited to malnutrition, communicable disease, questionable immunization status, lack of formal education, sexual abuse, violence, torture, human trafficking, homelessness, poverty, and a lack of access to health care. Moreover, the psychological impact of relocation and the stress of acculturation may perpetuate many of these existing challenges, particularly for refugee youth, with limited or underdeveloped coping skills. School nurses are uniquely poised to support refugee youth in the transition process, improve overall health, and facilitate access to primary health services. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the unique refugee experience, examine the key health care needs of the population, and present school nurses with timely and relevant resources to assist in caring for refugee youth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1942602x16672310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,7]],"date-time":"2016-12-07T22:20:14Z","timestamp":1481149214000},"page":"122-128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Caring for Refugee Youth in the School Setting"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Jennifer Leigh","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"WHNP-BC Associate Professor, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"Beard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dena","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1942602X16672310","unstructured":"American Psychological Association. (2009). Working with refugee children and families: An update for mental health professionals. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.apa.org\/pubs\/info\/reports\/refugees-health-professionals.pdf"},{"key":"bibr2-1942602X16672310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302504"},{"key":"bibr3-1942602X16672310","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012a). Guidelines for the nutritional evaluation and growth in refugee children during the domestic medical screening exam. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/immigrantrefugeehealth\/guidelines\/domestic\/nutrition-growth.html"},{"key":"bibr4-1942602X16672310","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012b). Immigrant and refugee health-disease and vaccines included. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/immigrantrefugeehealth\/exams\/diseases-vaccines-included.html"},{"key":"bibr5-1942602X16672310","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). Refugee health guidelines. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/immigrantrefugeehealth\/guidelines\/refugee-guidelines.html"},{"key":"bibr6-1942602X16672310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17542863.2012.713371"},{"key":"bibr7-1942602X16672310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7599.2009.00413.x"},{"key":"bibr8-1942602X16672310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2014.03.004"},{"key":"bibr9-1942602X16672310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2014.03.003"},{"key":"bibr10-1942602X16672310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/AH090618"},{"key":"bibr11-1942602X16672310","unstructured":"Food Research and Action Center and Children\u2019s Healthwatch. (2016). Food insecurity among immigrants, refugees and asylees. Retrieved from http:\/\/frac.org\/pdf\/frac-chw-early-childhood-february-2016.pdf"},{"key":"bibr12-1942602X16672310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0145935X.2014.893737"},{"key":"bibr13-1942602X16672310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-015-0807-0"},{"key":"bibr14-1942602X16672310","first-page":"43","volume":"98","author":"Heney J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rhode Island Medical Journal"},{"key":"bibr15-1942602X16672310","unstructured":"Kugler E., Price O. (2009). Helping immigrant and refugee children succeed: It\u2019s not just what happens in the classroom. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.healthinschools.org\/en\/Immigrant-and-Refugee-Children\/Caring-Across-Communities.aspx"},{"key":"bibr16-1942602X16672310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-013-9796-6"},{"key":"bibr17-1942602X16672310","unstructured":"National Institute of Mental Health. (2014). Major depression among adolescents. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/prevalence\/major-depression-among-adolescents.shtml"},{"key":"bibr18-1942602X16672310","unstructured":"Nguyen T., Casey S., Maloney M., Rich S. (n.d.). Victorian refugee health network final report: Refugee oral health sector capacity building project. Retrieved from http:\/\/refugeehealthnetwork.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/Oral_Health_FINAL_Report_2013.pdf"},{"key":"bibr19-1942602X16672310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-014-9993-y"},{"key":"bibr20-1942602X16672310","unstructured":"Obama B. (2015). Presidential determination of refugee admissions for fiscal year 2016. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/the-press-office\/2015\/09\/29\/presidential-determination-presidential-determination-refugee-admissions"},{"key":"bibr21-1942602X16672310","unstructured":"Office of Refugee Resettlement. (2014). Annual report to congress FY 2014. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/orr\/orr_annual_report_to_congress_fy_2014_signed.pdf"},{"key":"bibr22-1942602X16672310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quach A., Laemmle-Ruff I., Polizzi T., Paxton G. (2015). Gaps in smiles and services: A cross-sectional study of dental caries in refugee-background children. BioMed Central Oral Health, 15, 1-10. Retrieved from http:\/\/bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1472-6831-15-10","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-15-10"},{"key":"bibr23-1942602X16672310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IJMHSC-07-2013-0018"},{"key":"bibr24-1942602X16672310","unstructured":"Refugee Health Technical Assistance Center. (2011a). Oral health. Retrieved from http:\/\/refugeehealthta.org\/prevention-and-wellness\/oral-health\/"},{"key":"bibr25-1942602X16672310","unstructured":"Refugee Health Technical Assistance Center. (2011b). Traumatic experiences of refugees. Retrieved from http:\/\/refugeehealthta.org\/physical-mental-health\/mental-health\/adult-mental-health\/traumatic-experiences-of-refugees\/"},{"key":"bibr26-1942602X16672310","unstructured":"Refugee Health Technical Assistance Center. (2011c). Youth and mental health. Retrieved from http:\/\/refugeehealthta.org\/physical-mental-health\/mental-health\/youth-and-mental-health\/"},{"key":"bibr27-1942602X16672310","first-page":"1","volume":"82","author":"Reza M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the Canadian Dental Association"},{"key":"bibr28-1942602X16672310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-010-9353-5"},{"key":"bibr29-1942602X16672310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2012.01406.x"},{"key":"bibr30-1942602X16672310","unstructured":"Save the Children. (2016). Refugee children crisis. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.savethechildren.org\/site\/c.8rKLIXMGIpI4E\/b.9311443\/k.5C24\/Refugee_Children_Crisis.htm"},{"key":"bibr31-1942602X16672310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00048674.2010.543412"},{"key":"bibr32-1942602X16672310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-013-9867-8"},{"key":"bibr33-1942602X16672310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.120063"},{"key":"bibr34-1942602X16672310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-015-1099-x"},{"key":"bibr35-1942602X16672310","unstructured":"United Nations High Commissioner Refugees. (2012). A framework for the protection of children. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/4fe875682.html"},{"key":"bibr36-1942602X16672310","unstructured":"United Nations High Commissioner Refugees. (2014a). Child protection issue brief: Mental health and psychosocial well-being of children. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/540ef77c4.html"},{"key":"bibr37-1942602X16672310","unstructured":"United Nations High Commissioner Refugees. (2014b). Protection of refugee children in the Middle East and north Africa. Retrieved from http:\/\/r.search.yahoo.com\/_ylt=A0LEVu4LeNFXAxIA5jInnIlQ;_ylu=X3oDMTE0MGhyOWFlBGNvbG8DYmYxBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDUFJEQkNLMV8xBHNlYwNzcg-\/RV=2\/RE=1473374347\/RO=10\/RU=https%3a%2f%2fwww.data.unhcr.org%2fsyrianrefugees%2fdownload.php%3fid%3d7325\/RK=0\/RS=NKnsI5ONmipjFrifRaW5hQHcYwc-"},{"key":"bibr38-1942602X16672310","unstructured":"United Nations High Commissioner Refugees. (2016a). Children. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/en-us\/children-49c3646c1e8.html"},{"key":"bibr39-1942602X16672310","unstructured":"United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2016b). Global forced displacement hits record high. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/en-us\/news\/latest\/2016\/6\/5763b65a4\/global-forced-displacement-hits-record-high.html"},{"key":"bibr40-1942602X16672310","unstructured":"United Nations High Commissioner Refugees. (n.d.). Refugee children: Guidelines on protection and care. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/en-us\/protection\/children\/3b84c6c67\/refugee-children-guidelines-protection-care.html"},{"key":"bibr41-1942602X16672310","unstructured":"United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. (2016). Refugee 101. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.brycs.org\/aboutRefugees\/refugee101.cfm"},{"key":"bibr42-1942602X16672310","unstructured":"United States Department of Homeland Security. (2014). Refugees and asylees: 2013. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/ois_rfa_fr_2013.pdf"},{"key":"bibr43-1942602X16672310","unstructured":"United States Department of State. (n.d). Refugee admissions. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.state.gov\/j\/prm\/ra\/index.htm"},{"key":"bibr44-1942602X16672310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-013-9808-6"},{"key":"bibr45-1942602X16672310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-010-0129-7"}],"container-title":["NASN School Nurse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1942602X16672310","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1942602X16672310","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1942602X16672310","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:05:31Z","timestamp":1777590331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1942602X16672310"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,7]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1942602X16672310"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1942602x16672310","relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-602X","1942-6038"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-602X","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-6038","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,7]]}}}