{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:02:08Z","timestamp":1777878128044,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Care Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, we implemented the Long-term In-Home Ventilator Engagement (LIVE) intervention to provide virtual specialist care. Using a matched home mechanical ventilation control group, we compared publicly funded health-service utilization and costs for ventilator-dependent children and adults receiving the LIVE eHealth intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LIVE users were matched to controls on age, sex, ventilation type, years on ventilation, and reason for ventilation. The Ventilator Equipment Pool database was linked to health administrative data, which contains medically necessary health care service information on the entire population. We used analysis of covariance and generalized estimating equations to estimate the effect of the LIVE program on health care utilization and costs, controlling for 12-month prior health care utilization. We used Kaplan\u2013Meier curves to compare survival rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 250 LIVE users, we were able to 1:1 match 178 with home mechanical ventilation controls. Adjusted rate ratios for most outcomes resulted in elevated costs and utilization in the post period attributable to LIVE; however, most did not reach statistical significance. All-cause in-patient admissions (16%), out-patient pulmonology visits (41%), and general practitioner costs (77%) were significantly elevated in LIVE participants in the post period. There was no statistically significant difference in survival between the groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LIVE users had higher rates of out-patient pulmonology\u00a0visits, in-patient admissions, and general practitioner\u00a0visit costs, but no difference in overall costs or mortality. This study highlights the limitations of evaluating eHealth interventions through observational research and the need for a randomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19433654251371028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T18:30:14Z","timestamp":1759948214000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Health Care Utilization and Costs in Ventilator-Dependent Children and Adults Receiving an eHealth Intervention During the COVID-19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3032-5434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reshma","family":"Amin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Amin is affiliated with Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Dr. Amin is affiliated with Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Dr. Amin is affiliated with Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brandon","family":"Zagorski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mr. Zagorski, Mr. Saskin, and Dr. Gershon are affiliated with ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Pizzuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ms. Pizzuti is affiliated with Ontario Ventilator Equipment Pool, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francine","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ms. Buchanan and Dr. Gershon are affiliated with SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Refik","family":"Saskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mr. Zagorski, Mr. Saskin, and Dr. Gershon are affiliated with ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea S.","family":"Gershon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mr. Zagorski, Mr. Saskin, and Dr. Gershon are affiliated with ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Ms. Buchanan and Dr. Gershon are affiliated with SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Dr. Gershon is affiliated with Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Dr. Gershon is affiliated with Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prof. Rose is affiliated with Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King\u2019s College London, London, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1596\/33696"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","volume-title":"COVID intervention timeline","author":"Canadian Institute for Health Information","year":"2022","unstructured":"Canadian Institute for Health Information. 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