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The availability of electrical impedance tomography has transformed our understanding of this form of intrapulmonary discordance, revealing that effort-related pendelluft occurs commonly in mechanically ventilated patients and may contribute to patient self-inflicted lung injury. Emerging evidence suggests associations between pendelluft and adverse clinical outcomes, though meaningful gaps in our understanding remain. This review examines the pathophysiology of effort-related pendelluft, methods for its detection using EIT, factors influencing its occurrence, and associations with clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/19433654261424874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T13:33:50Z","timestamp":1775050430000},"page":"687-696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Discordance, Pendelluft, and Electrical Impedance Tomography"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4887-8686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Piraino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mr. Piraino is affiliated with Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1956.8.4.427"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201303-0539OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201605-1081CP"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.01.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-021-00904-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-022-00995-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-4182"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-24412-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-024-00737-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-023-01230-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.09949"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202306-1118CI"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-024-05173-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201804-0649LE"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/ad7fca"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001649"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/respcare.12193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1005372"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1901686"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201706-1244OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201308-1567OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000727"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(55)90790-x"}],"container-title":["Respiratory Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/19433654261424874","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/19433654261424874","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/19433654261424874","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T21:47:23Z","timestamp":1780436843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/19433654261424874"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/19433654261424874"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/19433654261424874","relation":{},"ISSN":["1943-3654","1943-3654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1943-3654","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3654","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]}}}