{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T08:19:43Z","timestamp":1783325983631,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Neurally-adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is a mode of ventilation that uses the electrical activity of the diaphragm (EA\n                      <jats:sub>di<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) to synchronize and to control delivered pressure. EA\n                      <jats:sub>di<\/jats:sub>\n                      is measured with a naso-\/orogastric feeding tube, containing an array of sensors. Proper placement of the EA\n                      <jats:sub>di<\/jats:sub>\n                      catheter is critical for optimal synchronization and support. Positioning the catheter requires (1) predicting the insertion distance and (2) verification using a dedicated positioning window on the ventilator, based on electrocardiogram (ECG) and EA\n                      <jats:sub>di<\/jats:sub>\n                      signals. In preterm infants, no study has shown that the ventilator method results in proper positioning of the feeding tube tip in the stomach. We aimed to evaluate the position of the EA\n                      <jats:sub>di<\/jats:sub>\n                      sensors (by the catheter positioning window) with the feeding tube tip position (measured by radiographs).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This was a multi-center (5 sites), prospective study. Eligibility: infants with weight 400\u20132,000\u2009g and either had or were planning to have an EA\n                      <jats:sub>di<\/jats:sub>\n                      catheter placed. Screenshots of the positioning window and radiographs were taken.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty-seven infants were included. Median study weight was 1,250\u2009g (interquartile range 1,026\u20131,448\u2009g). The ventilator\u2019s positioning window revealed that all insertions were suitable with respect to the diaphragm\/sensors position. Radiographs indicated 92% of insertions had the tip of the catheter appropriately in the body of the stomach. In 5 infants, the catheter tip was either touching the greater curvature of the stomach or near the pylorus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In our cohort, EA\n                      <jats:sub>di<\/jats:sub>\n                      catheter insertion using guidance from the ECG\/EA\n                      <jats:sub>di<\/jats:sub>\n                      signals of the electrode array provided\u00a0a safe method for tube positioning, with regard to both enteral feeding and obtaining appropriate EA\n                      <jats:sub>di<\/jats:sub>\n                      signals for optimal ventilator support.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/19433654261424880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T11:56:09Z","timestamp":1772279769000},"page":"740-747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Positioning of Diaphragm Electrical Activity Catheter in Premature Infants"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Beck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Drs. Beck and Sinderby are affiliated with the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Sciences of St-Michael\u2019s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada."},{"name":"Dr. Beck is affiliated with the Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drs. Bauer, Chan, North, and Oshodi and Mr. Sien are affiliated with the Children\u2019s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherwin S.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drs. Bauer, Chan, North, and Oshodi and Mr. Sien are affiliated with the Children\u2019s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherry E.","family":"Courtney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drs. Courtney, Matlock, and Pugh are affiliated with the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children\u2019s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Klein is affiliated with the University of Iowa Stead Family Children\u2019s Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David N.","family":"Matlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drs. Courtney, Matlock, and Pugh are affiliated with the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children\u2019s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kay","family":"North","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drs. Bauer, Chan, North, and Oshodi and Mr. Sien are affiliated with the Children\u2019s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adebayo","family":"Oshodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drs. Bauer, Chan, North, and Oshodi and Mr. Sien are affiliated with the Children\u2019s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preston","family":"Pugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drs. Courtney, Matlock, and Pugh are affiliated with the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children\u2019s Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maura","family":"Sien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drs. Bauer, Chan, North, and Oshodi and Mr. Sien are affiliated with the Children\u2019s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Stein is affiliated with the ProMedica Ebeid Children\u2019s Hospital, Toledo, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Wong is affiliated with the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christer","family":"Sinderby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drs. Beck and Sinderby are affiliated with the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Sciences of St-Michael\u2019s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada."},{"name":"Dr. Sinderby is affiliated with the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/71012"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"874","article-title":"Neurally-adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) in children: a systematic review","volume":"82","author":"Beck J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Beck J, , Emeriaud G, , Liu Y, et al. Neurally-adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) in children: a systematic review. Minerva Anestesiol, 2016; 82(8):874\u2013883. Available from: https:\/\/www.minervamedica.it\/en\/journals\/minerva-anestesiologica\/issue.php?cod=R02Y9999N00A150116","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"27","article-title":"Gastric tube insertion in preterm infants: prevalence analysis of measurement techniques","author":"Lopes LS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lopes LS, , Silva GD, , Alves AMA, et al. Gastric tube insertion in preterm infants: prevalence analysis of measurement techniques. 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